傅雪乔第2周的作业（被动语态）
2009-09-20 17:25阅读：
语法归纳：
The change between initiative voice and passive
voice has constraint. A few transitive verbs , like intransitive,
are incompatible with the passive voice. Transitive verbs that
subject to the voice constraint include: escape fit, flee, get,
have, lack, let, race, resemble, suit, survive, hold, wish. Agree
with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from,
happen to, take part in, be to blame, be to let. Transitive verbs
are these that must take objects. If a transitive verb is not
followed by an object in a sentence, this verb must take passive
voice. Intransitive verb never has passive voice. Linking verb
doesn’t take passive voice like: appear, be, become, feel, get,
turn, grow, keep, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste. in
passive voice of phrasal verbs , make fun of and lost track of
hasn’t two passive form.
课后练习精选：
(turn into passive constructions, where possible)
1. You have borne
yourself bra
vely in the moment.
答案：不能改
评述：当主动句的宾语是反身代词时，这种主动句不可以变为被动句，因为反身代词不可以做主语。
2.We could hardly see each other in the fog.
答案：这句也不能改
评述：当主动句的宾语是相互代词时，这种主动句不可以变为被动句，因为相互代词不可以做主语。
3.When will the football match take place?
答案：不能改
评述：take place
是动词词组，相当于一个不及物动词，不及物动词永远不能变为被动态。
4.Who wrote it ?
答案：Who was it written by?
评述：by
非常容易被忽略，要注意。
5.They have four children and a nice apartment.
答案：不能改
评述：当have
作“有”的意思时，为静态动词，没有被动态。
6.The property has changed hands recently.
答案：不能改
评述：因为这句句子中没有动作的执行者。
7.We shall then deal with it more fully.
答案：It will be dealt with more fully by us.
评述：注意shall 与 will 的转变。还有deal的过去分词是dealt。
（put the verb in brackets into a correct passive form）
8.I would not object to _____(ask) to make a speech.
答案：being asked
评述：object to中 to
是介词，所以要用being
（rephrase the following sentences using the appropriate form of the
non-finite passive）
9.I expect you to keep him in the picture.
答案：I expect to be kept in the picture by him.
评述：注意不能忘记expect后的介词to,在改被动式介词不能遗忘。
(put into the passive,using two forms when possible)
10.The governor made an example of these prisoners.
答案：These prisoners was made an example of by the
governor./An example was made by the governors to the prisoners.
评述：一些句子在改为被动式，因为受动者不止一个，所以不止一种改法。需要注意
专四语法题：
1.
He caused a
false account of the event _____ in the newspaper.
A. Had
published B. To be published C. Being
published D. To have published
选B
评述：固定搭配cause A to
do本题中event与publish构成动宾关系，故应用被动语态。
2. If the door was not forced open, ____ that the burglar must
have had a key.
A. it followsB. it is followedC. following
isD. it will be followed
选A
评述：如果门不是被撞开的话，那么可以断定，强盗一定是有钥匙。 “it follows
that…”是一个句型结构，follow没有被动。
3. Mary will not be able to come to the birthday party as she is
____with a cold.
A. laid out B. laid up C. laid by D. laid
down
选B
评述：玛丽不能来参加生日晚会了，因为她患了感冒，卧床在家。lay up 意为“因痛（或伤残）卧床”，常用被动语态； lay out
意为“摆出，展开”；lay by 意为“储存”；lay down意为“牺牲，献出”。
4.It____ you to at least 50% off the regular price of either frames
or lenses when you buy both.
A credits B entitles C presents D tips
选B
评述：entitle sb to sth(用于被动语态)
给某人获得某事物或权利
5. He appreciated ____ the chance to deliver his thesis in the
annual symposium on Comparative Literature.
A. having given B. to have been givenC. to have given D. having
been given
选D
评述：他得到一个在比较文学年度讨论会上宣读论文的机会，他对此表示感激。appreciate后面必须接名词或动名词，本句题意要求使用被动语态，故选D。
6.Advertising media like direct mail, radio, television and
newspapers ____to increase the sales of industrial products.
A.have been used B. will be used C. is being used D. has been
used
选A
评述：像直接邮件、无线电、电视和报纸这样的广告媒介一直被用来促进业品的销售。根据句意，应用完成时的被动语态，media
是medium 的复数形式。
7.
Tony
appreciated___the opportunity to study abroad three years
ago.
A.
To have given
B.
To have been given
C.
Having given
D.
Having been given
选D
评述：appreciate后应接动名词或名词。Tony 与give构成动宾关系，故应选用被动语态。
8.The committee has anticipated the problems that ____ in the road
construction project.
A. arise B.will arise C.arose D. have arisen
选B
评述：will表预测.用排除发,选C主句应是过去完成时 . has anticipated 预测到了
9. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it
is probably ____ a threat to the human race than environmental
destruction.
A.no more B. not more C. even more D. much more
选B
评述：上句说人口多对人类发展造成威胁.而大家要注意这个yet,yet常用于否定句和疑问句,也就是说下句应该是一个'否定'上句的句子.,而not
more ...than的意思就是 与其说是A ,不如说是B.这句话.Yet it is probably not more a
threat to the human race than environmental
destruction.就是与其说是威胁了人类发展,还不如说是威胁了环境...
10. We stood still, gazing out over the limitless ____ of the
desert.
A. space B. expanse C. stretch D. land
选B
评述
:gazing out over
含有'对什么感到惊讶,感叹,感慨而凝视'的意思...这里limitless无垠的,也就是形容沙漠的宽广,所以应该用.expanse
,而stretch是绵横的,延展的
学习体会：
以前对被动的认识是很简单，很单一，很机械的。觉得被动态就是同样的形式。但是学了这节课后我知道被动式受很多限制的，也分很多情况，而不是以前认为的加个“ed”就好。被动的整个变化规则其实是很系统，很有规律的。也不是所有的动词都可以转化为被动的，在很多方面都是有限制的，就好像不及物动词永远不会出现被动。因此语法的学习是非常重要的。
