第三四周语法作业(虚拟语气，被动语态） 陈新
2009-12-22 15:28阅读：
第3，4周语法作业 陈新
part 1
In the study of English grammar, the experts have different ideas
on the subjunctive mood. In 1772, in the third edition of his works
Rudiment of English Grammar, Joseph Prietly, a grammarian, said,'
In the future. Tense in our English just like mood and tense in
Latin, it will be nothing to do with English.' A modern grammarian
Pamo said, 'There is no place for subjunctive mood, 'in his book
The English Verb. However, some grammarians, such as American
grammarian, George O. Curme, and Dutch Grammarian, H. Poutsma,
consider subjunctive mood has plentiful content
s. But some, such as Quirk and Zhang Zhenbang, consider that
subjunctive mood of verb only has two forms, one is be-subjunctive,
and another is were-subjunctive.
Firstly, we should know that subjunctive mood of verb is not equal
to the subjunctive mood in English. When we look up a dictionary or
a grammar book, we will find that they always tell us the similar
meaning of mood. They often tell us that it is any of the three
sets of verb forms that show whether what is said or written is
considered certain, possible, doubtful, necessary, desirable,
etc.
But we think that mood is not only reflected by the forms of verb,
but also other plentiful contents .As we all know, a language has
different mood. What kind of language we use, we shall use
different kinds of mood, if we do not do so, the articles we have
written would be dry and dull.
Mood can be divided into three kinds, they are indicative mood,
imperative mood and subjunctive mood. We use indicative mood to
describe an objective fact, use imperative mood to order or to ask
somebody to do something, and use subjunctive mood to show what we
said or written is considered certain, possible, doubtful,
etc.
2Exercises
1.He always talks as if he were addressing (address) a public
meeting.
2.我非常不愿意眼看他犯错误。
Far be it from me to see him make a mistake.
3. I wish it ____were____ (be) true.
4.Home is home ,be it ever so homely.
5.If only we___had___ (have) a phone! I’m tired of queuing outside
the public phone box.
6.She insists on his taking his vacation now. Answer:She
insists that he should take his vacation
now.这里的insist解释为坚持,所以这里还是要用虚拟。
7.Far_were__(be)it from me to call him a thief
8.The cheese looks as if rats __had nibbled
___(nibble)it
9. May our great motherland live long!
Long live our great motherland!
10. That was not the first time he ____B____ us. I think it’s high
time we ____B____ strong actions.
A. betrayed…take B. had
betrayed…took C. has betrayed…took
D. has betrayed…take
11. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there
____C____ quite such a crowd of people there.
A. weren’t B. hasn’t been
C. hadn’t been
D. wouldn’t be
12. ____D____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should
have a wonderful dinner party.
A. will show
B. would show
C. am going to show
D. am showing
13. I forget where I read the article, or I ___B______ it to you
now.
A. will show
B. would show
C. am going to show
D. am showing
14.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it
___C____.
A. breaks B. has broken
C. were broken
D. had been broken
15. 对所有申请者必须逐一面试。
It is essential that all the applicants be interviewed one by
one.
16.I insist on them____being punished.___
(punish)
17.Well, he’d like ___to be asked / being asked___(ask) some
questions.
18.He anticipated being invited (invite).
anticipate + doing sth. 此题用被动
19.He wanted to know if I would worry about ______being left
to(leave)__to look after myself
20.Idon't imagine you'll refuse__to be
promoted_______(promote),will you?
3.TEM4
1. My pain ______ apparent the moment I walked into the room, for
the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all
right?”A. must be B. must have been C. had been
D. had to be
B) 【句意】我刚一走进房间时一定表现得
很痛苦，因为我遇到的第一个人同情地问我：“你没事吧?”
【难点】must与完成时不定式连用往往表示对过去发生的事情的主观推测
，常译成“一定是…”。
2. It is only when you nearly lose someone ______ fully conscious
of how much you value him.
A. do you become B. then you become
C. that you become D. have you become C)
【句意】只有当你快要失去什么人时，
你才充分意识到他对你是多么重要。
【难点】该句是一个典型的强调句式，即It is...that...。
3. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ______ the
atmosphere.
A. as it is B. so is C. the same as D. and
so is B) 【句意】正像土壤是地球的一部分，大
气层也是。
【难点】Just as...，so...为一固定结构，意为“正如…，…也…”。
4. While driving along the treacherous road, ______.
A. my right rear tyre blew out
B. my right rear tyre had a blowout
C. I had a blownout on my right rear tyre
D. I had my right rear tyre blowout C) 【句意】当我在险峻的山路上驾车急驰
时，车的右后胎爆了。
【难点】此句为一个带有时间状语从句的主从复合句。在英语中，由while, when等引导的
时间状语从句，如果其主语与主句中的主语相同，从句中的主语可以省略，而只剩下分词短
语。驾车的应该是人，所以只能从C)和D)选，而D)的意义不符，所以选C)。
5. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of
AfroAmerican poetry
is his insistence that it ______ in a religious, as well as
worldly, frame of reference.
A. is to be analysed B. has been analysed
C. be analysed D. should have been analysed C)
【句意】杰恩·瓦格那对亚非诗歌最永恒
的贡献是他坚持认为，这类诗歌除用凡俗的参考框架，还应用宗教的参考框架进行研究。
【难点】insistence是个从insist派生来的名词，二者后面分别接同位语
从句和宾语从句，句中皆应使用虚拟形式，即should+动词原形或动词原形。
6.______ there is little we can do to modify the weather, we can
at least know what kind of weather to expect.
A. Since B. When C.
While D. UnlessC) 【句意】尽管我们在改变天气方面无能
为力，但我们至少知道天气未来的变化。
【难点】while除表示时间外，还可表示转折、让步，意为“尽管，虽然”。该句中其它选项不具备此意。
7. This organization brought Western artists together in
the hope of ma
king more of an impact on the art community ______ any of
them could individually and to promote Western art by women.
A. rather than B. rather
C. than D. other than
C) 【句意】该组织把西部艺术家聚集在一
起，希望
他们比任何个人都能更多地影响艺术界，并由妇女来促进西部艺术。
【难点】选项C)的than与句中的more形成正确搭配，意为“比…都…”，故为答案。
8. But the Swiss discovered long years ago that constant warfare
brought
them ______ suffering and poverty.
A. anything but B. nothing but
C. none other than D. no more thanB)
【句意】但是多年以前瑞士人就发现连
年不断的战争给他们带来的只有苦难和贫穷。
【难点】nothing but意为“仅仅，只不过”；anything but意为“除…
以外的任何事”；none other than意为“不是别人，正是…”；no more than意为“不过，仅仅”。
9. After ______ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn
to step into the doctor’s office.
A. it B. that C.
what D. whichC) 【句意】在经过一段似乎是漫无边际的
等候之后，终于轮到她走进医生的办公室。
【难点】在由after引导的介词短语中，what seemed(to be)起定语作用，修饰an endless wait。又如：I
saw what seemed to be a fox.我看见一个似乎是狐狸的东西。
10. The board deemed it’s urgent that these files ______
right away.
A. had to be printed B. should have been printed
C. must be printed D. should be printed D)
【句意】董事会认为这些卷宗应立刻打印。
【难点】urgent在句中做形式宾语it的补足语，其后的宾语从句应使用虚拟式，即should+动词原形。
11. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ______
in broad daylight yesterday.
A. to be robbed B. robbed
C. to have been robbed D. having been robbed
12. ______ before, his first performance for the amateur
dramatic group was a success.
A. Though having never acted
B. As he had never acted
C. Despite he had never acted
D. In spite of his never having acted
13. By the middle of the 21st century, the vast majority of
the world’s
population ______ in cities rather than in the country.
A. are living B. will be living
C. have lived D. will have lived
14. Mr. Milton prefers to resign ______ part in such
dish
onest business deals.
A. than take B. than to take
C. rather than take D. rather than to take
15. No one would have time to read or listen to an account
of everything ______ going on in the world.
A. it is B. as is C. there
is D. what is
16. There is a real possibility that these animals could be
frightened, _____ a sudden loud noise.
A. being there B. should there be
C. there was D. there have
been
17. Bit by bit , a child makes the necessary changes to
make his language ______.
A. as other people B. as other people’s
C. like other people D.
like other people’s
18. Clothing made of plastic fibres has certain advantages
over ______
made of natural fibres like cotton, wool, or silk.
A. one B. the one
C. that D.
what
19. The treasury issued an order stating that ______
lan
d purchased from the government had to be paid for in gold and
silver.
A. henceforth B. moreover C. whereby
D. however
20. The students expected there ______ more reviewing
classes before the final exams.
A. is B. being C. have been
D. to be
11. C) 【句意】据当地报纸报道，那家银行昨天在光天化日下遭到抢劫。
【难点】动词不定式的完成式做主语的补足语，说明不定式的行为发生在谓语动作之前。
12. D) 【句意】虽然他以前从未表演过，但他
为业余剧团做的首次表演还是很成功。
【难点】in spite of意为“尽管，虽然”，后接名词或名词性短语，引导出来状语。选项A
)没有主语或逻辑主语，选项B)是原因状语从句，选项C)的despite不能引导状语从句，因为
它是介词。
13. B) 【句意】到二十一世纪中叶，世界上大
多数人口将生活在城市而不是农村。
【难点】因为时间状语by the middle of the 21st century指的是将来
，所以选将来进行时。
14. C) 【句意】米尔先生宁愿辞职也不参加这
种不诚实的商业交易。
【难点】prefer意为“宁愿”，其后接名词或动词不定式；prefer to do
sth. r
ather than do sth.意为“宁愿…而不愿…”，rather than后接不带to的不定式。
15. C) 【句意】大家都没有时间去读或去听有
关世界上正在发生的一切事件的描述。
【难点】在以there be为谓语动词的定语从句中，如关系代词作主语，则
关系代词便可省略。
16. B) 【句意】如果突然出现巨大的噪音，这
些动物真的有可能受到惊吓。
【难点】该句是一个省略if的倒装的虚拟条件句，可还原为“if there should be...”。
17. D) 【句意】一点一点地，儿童就会将自己
的语言作些必要的修改，而使之与他人的语言相像。
【难点】as和like都可以表示“像…一样”，但as是连词，后跟从句，like是介词，后跟名词或名词性短语。
18. C) 【句意】用塑料纤维制成的衣服比用棉
花、羊毛或丝绸等天然纤维制成的衣服有些优势。
【难点】clothing是衣服、被褥的总称，不能用one或the one来指代。wh
at相当于“先行词+that”，后边要接从句。所以只能用that指代clothing。
19. A) 【句意】财政部发布命令，从即日起，
向政府购买土地须以金、银支付。
【难点】henceforth意为“从今以后”，符合题意要求。
20. D) 【句意】学生们期望期末考试前能有更
多的复习课。
【难点】动词expect后必须接动词不定式作其宾语，因此，只有D)为正确。
part4.小结
虚拟语气是从高中开始学的，当时就觉得很难，却因为高考考的不多，没有放在心上。现在重新学起，反而感觉学习又进入了新的层面。
