[转载]高考英语书面表达—概要写作高分技巧及训练
2022-03-21 18:48阅读：
高考英语书面表达—概要写作高分技巧及训练
【技巧点拨】
写概要写作时要先读懂原文，把握文章主旨大意和作者观点，抓关键词，筛选与主旨有关的主要信息。然后，借助已掌握的语言知识，对原语篇进行“浓缩”，写出一个新的语篇。而新的语篇，既要做到在语篇结构、语篇衔接和连贯各要素上与原文保持一致，又要做到简明扼要、意义完整、结构严密和语句通顺。
一、写作步骤
考生可以从以下五个步骤来进行概要写作：
1．通读全文，判断体裁
一篇概要写作是否正确、有条理，能否把握文章的体裁，都是建立在理解原文的基础上的。因此，通读全文可以为考生从宏观上把握文章的主旨和结构、行文逻辑，判断文章的体裁奠定基础。
2．查找信息，分清主次
概要写作，要求考生具有从文章中抽取主干和找到关键信息的能力。在第二遍细读时，要弄清主要信息和次要信息，把次要信息剔除，以免影响概要写作的简洁性；同时，要养成在重点词句下做出标记的习惯。
3．概括大意，提炼内容
考生在理解全文内容，弄清主次关系之后，可以初步写出每段的段落大意，注意要忠于原文，避免出现遗漏要点或增添要点的情况。
4．获取要点，灵活表达
为了使所写概要简明、扼要，要对罗列的每段大意进行整合；同时为了避免使用原文的句子，需要考生灵活采用同义词或近义词进行替换，用不同的句式进行转换，并在必要的地方使用连接词，使表达连贯通顺。
5．检查修改，整理誊写
写完初稿后，需要在内容上、语言上以及上下文的连贯性上进行检查：看是否包括了原文的所有要点，语言词汇的运用是否准确和地道，以及行文是否流畅；另外，还要注意词数限制和书写规范。
二、概要写作要做到以下几点：
1.简洁性：即用尽量少的语言对较长原文的简洁重述；
2.自主性：即用自己的话语进行概写，避免对原文进行抄袭照搬；
3.理解性：即表现作者对原文本的精准理解。需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现“I
believe”, “I think”等字句；
4.忠实性：即概写内容和中心思想必须忠于原文主旨，不可偏离主题、肆意篡改；
5.连贯性：概要写作并非简单罗列要点，各个要点之间要有恰当衔接，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。
三、阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容：
(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;
(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;
(3)上下文的连贯性;
(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
四、改写句子基本方法
1．同义替换法
Tom thought of an
idea.
→An idea occurred to
Tom.
2．正话反说法
I think wealth is less important than
health.
→I don’t think wealth is more
important than health.
3．词性转换法
Your suggestions are super
valuable.
→Your suggestions are of great
value.
4．利用介词短语法
We are sure to finish it in time
because so many people are helping us.
→With so many people helping us,
we are sure to finish it in time.
5．句式变化法
(1)语态变换
It is widely accepted that more people
use computers in the world today.
→Computers are widely used in the
world today.
(2)简单句变复合句
The weather turned out to be very
good.This was more than we could expect.
→The weather turned out to be
very good, which was more than we could
expect.
(3)连词衔接法
He insisted on staying.He was not
willing to go.
→He insisted on staying rather
than going.
(4)词序改变法
Professor White,
Professor Smith and many other guests were present at the
meeting.
→Present at the meeting were
Professor White, Professor Smith and many other
guests.
(5)利用特殊句式法
Jim wants to go boating and his parents
want to go boating, too.
→Jim wants to go boating, and so
do his parents.
五、高分技巧
【技巧点拨】
写概要写作时要先读懂原文，把握文章主旨大意和作者观点，抓关键词，筛选与主旨有关的主要信息。然后，借助已掌握的语言知识，对原语篇进行“浓缩”，写出一个新的语篇。而新的语篇，既要做到在语篇结构、语篇衔接和连贯各要素上与原文保持一致，又要做到简明扼要、意义完整、结构严密和语句通顺。
一）写作步骤
考生可以从以下五个步骤来进行概要写作：
1．通读全文，判断体裁
一篇概要写作是否正确、有条理，能否把握文章的体裁，都是建立在理解原文的基础上的。因此，通读全文可以为考生从宏观上把握文章的主旨和结构、行文逻辑，判断文章的体裁奠定基础。
2．查找信息，分清主次
概要写作，要求考生具有从文章中抽取主干和找到关键信息的能力。在第二遍细读时，要弄清主要信息和次要信息，把次要信息剔除，以免影响概要写作的简洁性；同时，要养成在重点词句下做出标记的习惯。
3．概括大意，提炼内容
考生在理解全文内容，弄清主次关系之后，可以初步写出每段的段落大意，注意要忠于原文，避免出现遗漏要点或增添要点的情况。
4．获取要点，灵活表达
为了使所写概要简明、扼要，要对罗列的每段大意进行整合；同时为了避免使用原文的句子，需要考生灵活采用同义词或近义词进行替换，用不同的句式进行转换，并在必要的地方使用连接词，使表达连贯通顺。
5．检查修改，整理誊写
写完初稿后，需要在内容上、语言上以及上下文的连贯性上进行检查：看是否包括了原文的所有要点，语言词汇的运用是否准确和地道，以及行文是否流畅；另外，还要注意词数限制和书写规范。
二）改写句子基本方法
1．同义替换法
Tom thought of an
idea.
→An idea occurred to
Tom.
2．正话反说法
I think wealth is less important than
health.
→I don’t think wealth is more important
than health.
3．词性转换法
Your suggestions are super
valuable.
→Your suggestions are of great
value.
4．利用介词短语法
We are sure to finish it in time
because so many people are helping us.
→With so many people helping us, we are
sure to finish it in time.
5．句式变化法
(1)语态变换
It is widely accepted that more people
use computers in the world today.
→Computers are widely used in the world
today.
(2)简单句变复合句
The weather turned out to be very
good.This was more than we could expect.
→The weather turned out to be very
good, which was more than we could expect.
(3)连词衔接法
He insisted on staying.He was not
willing to go.
→He insisted on staying rather than
going.
(4)词序改变法
Professor White,
Professor Smith and many other guests were present at the
meeting.
→Present at the meeting were Professor
White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
(5)利用特殊句式法
Jim wants to go boating and his parents
want to go boating, too.
→Jim wants to go boating, and so do his
parents.
高分技巧：
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【真题训练】
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
【2019·浙江】Parents
everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z
Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the
opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be
more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re
building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just
the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way
that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk
for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’
praise has put them.
Still, don’t go too far in the other
direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as
giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or
that you don’t care and, as a
