一、Introduction:背景介绍
… has been a hot topic in … research.
在…研究中，…已成为研究热点。
… is the … problem that has received the most attention in the … literature.
在…文献中，…是受到最多关注的…问题。
… have attracted much attention from academia.
新浪博客
一、Introduction:背景介绍
… has been a hot topic in … research.
在…研究中，…已成为研究热点。
… is the … problem that has received the most attention in the … literature.
在…文献中，…是受到最多关注的…问题。
… have attracted much attention from academia.
…已经引起学术界的很大关注。
… has been of considerable interest to the … community in recent years.
近年来，…已经引起…界的极大关注。
It is well known that …
众所周知，…
It is reported that …
据报导，…
There have been studies highlighting …
此前已经有一些针对…的研究。
Over the past 3 decades, …
在过去的三十年，…
The previous work on … has indicated that …
先前关于…的研表明…
Recent experiments by … have suggested …
最近…做的实验表明…
Recent experiments in this area suggested that …
这个领域的最新实验表明…
The approach adopted extensively is called …
被广泛采用的方法称为…
Several researchers have theoretically investigated …
有几个研究者已经从理论上考察了…
In most studies of …, … has been emphasized with attention being given to …
在大多数对…的研究中，…受到高度重视，人们关注的是…
Industrial application of … is becoming increasingly common.
…的工业化应用日益普及。
The approaches fall into two major groups.
现有方法主要分成两类。
The approaches can be divided into two general classes.
现有方法一般分成两类。
The approaches may be classified into two categories.
现有方法可以分成两类。
The approaches are of two broad.
现有方法分成两类。
二 、Review of the literature
（一）研究现状概述
【有待后续整理】
（二）该领域现有问题
Great progress has been made in this field, but/however, nevertheless …
虽然这个领域已经取得重大进步，但是…
A part of the explanation could lie in … However, …
部分解释可能在于…。但是，…
The study of … gives rise to two main difficulties: one is …; the other is …
…研究遇到两个主要困难：一个是…；另一个是…
Also, the consideration of … alone cannot explain the observed fact that …
单独考虑…无法解释观察到的事实，即…
From the above discussion, it appears that at present neither … nor …
从以上讨论可知，目前既不…也不…
Despite the recent progress reviewed in …, there is no generally accepted theory concerning…
除了已经在…中回顾的最新进展，还没有关于…的广为接受的理论。
The only research that I am aware of that has dealt directly with the problem of … is a series of papers by …
我所知道的直接针对…问题的唯一研究是…发表的一系列论文。
Experiments of this kind have not been performed.
这种实验还没有人做过。
Until now no field experiments of … have been reported.
目前为此，还没有关于…现场实验的报导。
The method we used differs greatly from the one reported last year.
我们使用的方法与去年报导的有很大不同。
No clear advancement has so far been seen in …
在…领域，还没有出现明显的进展。
The data available in literature failed to prove that …
文献中的数据无法证明…
（三）引出自己的研究目标
We propose … as a solution to address this problem.
我们提出…作为应对这个问题的方案。
We build several different models to address these issues and to improve … for the benefit of …
我们构建了几个不同的模型，以应对这些问题，并针对…改进…
In this paper, … is investigated/studied/discussed/presented
本文研究…
This paper reports on …
本文对…进行报告
The purpose of this paper/study/thesis is …
本文的目的是…
The primary goal of this research is …
此项研究的首要目标是…
The present study will therefore focus on …
因此，当前研究的重点放在…
The present work deals mainly with …
当前工作主要涉及…
In this paper, we aim at …
本文旨在…
On the basis of existing literature data, we carried out studies in an effort to …
在现有文献数据的基础上，我们开展了研究，试图…
三、Research design
（一）研究范畴
The problem under discussion is within the scope of …
讨论的问题限于…范畴。
The problem I have referred to falls within the field of …
我谈及有问题发生在…领域。
The problem we have just outlined seems to be inside of the province of …
我们先前描述的问题似乎只发生在…省。
Studies with these effects covered various aspects of …
针对这些效果的研究涵盖了…的不同方面。
The author has limited his studies to the related aspects of …
作者将研究范围限定在…的相关方面。
Our studies with this technique are confined to only one particular aspect of …
我们运用此项技术的研究只限于…的一个特定方面。
This subject is concerned chiefly with the study of …
本课题主要涉及…的研究。
The approach under study is only applied to …
研究的方法只能应用于…
The theory cannot apply to other cases of …
本理论不适用于其它…情况。
The emphasis of this paper is to survey …
本文的重点是调查…
（二）说明篇章结构
This paper is divided into 5 sections as follows …
本文分成如下五个部分
Section one of the paper opens with …
第一节以…开头
Section 3 develops the second hypotheses on …
每三节展开关于…的第二项假设
Section 4 shows/introduces/reveals/treats/ develops/deal with …
第四节描述…
The 5th section provides an exposition that places the primary emphasis on …
第五节是展示部分，重点放在…
The result of … is given in the last section.
…的结果放在最后一部分。
In this paper, data and results are presented under the major heading of …
本文中，数据和结果放在大标题…下。
Finally, a summary is given of …
最后，给出关于…的结论。
Finally, some problems that deserve to be noted and their solution are presented.
最后提出了应注意的一些问题和解决方法。
（三）Materials and methods
作者可通过定义、描写、说明、举例、实验、论证、比较、分析综合、判断推理等不同的方式来证实在引言中所提及的主题，阐明研究是怎样完成的。常用表达手法介绍：
1. 定义、描述
2. 推导、实验方法
3. 实验步骤
4. 示例、图示
（四）术语定义、对象描述
描述
The theory is characterized by …
该理论具有…特点。
The fundamental feature of this theory is as follows.
该理论的基本特点如下。
Our system uses a … framework.
我们的系统采用…构架。
… is composed of the following main parts: …
…由下列主要部分构成：…
Our algorithm consists of two parts, a … and a …
我们的算法由两部分构成，一个…和一个…
… consist mainly of … but also include … , …, and …
…主要由…构成，但也包括…、…和…
… has two key components: a specification of …, and the … algorithm.
…包含两个关键部分：一个关于…的规范，还有一个就是…算法。
定义
… is called …
…叫作…
It is called … in physics.
它在物理学上被称为…
This equation is known as … law.
这个等式被叫做…定律。
Here, the term '…' just refers to a …
在这里，“…”一词仅指一个…
We may refer to such a cell as a …
我们可以把这样的单元称为…
We will consequently refer to it as …
由此，我们将它称为…
Such indicator functions are referred to as … instead of … throughout the rest of the paper.
在论文的其余部分，这样的指示函数被称为…，而不是…。
The objective function, later referred to as …, is as follows.
目标函数，在下文中被称为…，形式如下。
（五）推导、实验方法
This formula is verified by …
公式通过…验证。
Substituting … in/into …, we obtain/have/get …
将…替换进…，我们得到…
Substituting … in/into … gives/yields/results in …
将…替换进…，产生…
Let us now consider the case where …
让我们来思考一下…的情况。
Suppose that … is a solution of …
假设…是…的解。
If m=1.2, then we have the following equations:
如果m=1.2，可以得到下列等式：
Given that m=1.2, we obtain …
假设m=1.2，可以得到…
The relationship between … and … is as follows:
… 与…之间的关系如下：
To eliminate such possibilities, we implemented a …
为了消除这种可能性，我们实现了一个…
… is determined by using the …
通过…来确定…
… is assigned to …
将…赋予…
The … from each section were removed.
去除每个部分上的…
Five … were selected at random.
随机挑选五个…
（六）实验步骤
The procedure we followed can be briefly described as …
我们所采用的步骤可以简单地这么说，…
The steps taken are: …
所采用的步骤是：…
The experiment consisted of three steps, which are described in …
实验包括三步，在…中描述。
The algorithm has four steps.
算法分成四步。
The typical …… system goes through roughly these steps: …
典型的……系统大致要经过这些步骤：…
After … is done by …, a … step is applied to …
…做完…后，要进行…步骤，以…
The second step is to perform …
第二步是进行…
Second came the … phase.
第二步是…阶段。
The last step is to …
最后一步是…
Lastly came the … phase, which involved …
最后一步是…阶段，这一步包括…
… has been of considerable interest to the … community in recent years.
近年来，…已经引起…界的极大关注。
It is well known that …
众所周知，…
It is reported that …
据报导，…
There have been studies highlighting …
此前已经有一些针对…的研究。
Over the past 3 decades, …
在过去的三十年，…
The previous work on … has indicated that …
先前关于…的研表明…
Recent experiments by … have suggested …
最近…做的实验表明…
Recent experiments in this area suggested that …
这个领域的最新实验表明…
The approach adopted extensively is called …
被广泛采用的方法称为…
Several researchers have theoretically investigated …
有几个研究者已经从理论上考察了…
In most studies of …, … has been emphasized with attention being given to …
在大多数对…的研究中，…受到高度重视，人们关注的是…
Industrial application of … is becoming increasingly common.
…的工业化应用日益普及。
The approaches fall into two major groups.
现有方法主要分成两类。
The approaches can be divided into two general classes.
现有方法一般分成两类。
The approaches may be classified into two categories.
现有方法可以分成两类。
The approaches are of two broad.
现有方法分成两类。
二 、Review of the literature
（一）研究现状概述
【有待后续整理】
（二）该领域现有问题
Great progress has been made in this field, but/however, nevertheless …
虽然这个领域已经取得重大进步，但是…
A part of the explanation could lie in … However, …
部分解释可能在于…。但是，…
The study of … gives rise to two main difficulties: one is …; the other is …
…研究遇到两个主要困难：一个是…；另一个是…
Also, the consideration of … alone cannot explain the observed fact that …
单独考虑…无法解释观察到的事实，即…
From the above discussion, it appears that at present neither … nor …
从以上讨论可知，目前既不…也不…
Despite the recent progress reviewed in …, there is no generally accepted theory concerning…
除了已经在…中回顾的最新进展，还没有关于…的广为接受的理论。
The only research that I am aware of that has dealt directly with the problem of … is a series of papers by …
我所知道的直接针对…问题的唯一研究是…发表的一系列论文。
Experiments of this kind have not been performed.
这种实验还没有人做过。
Until now no field experiments of … have been reported.
目前为此，还没有关于…现场实验的报导。
The method we used differs greatly from the one reported last year.
我们使用的方法与去年报导的有很大不同。
No clear advancement has so far been seen in …
在…领域，还没有出现明显的进展。
The data available in literature failed to prove that …
文献中的数据无法证明…
（三）引出自己的研究目标
We propose … as a solution to address this problem.
我们提出…作为应对这个问题的方案。
We build several different models to address these issues and to improve … for the benefit of …
我们构建了几个不同的模型，以应对这些问题，并针对…改进…
In this paper, … is investigated/studied/discussed/presented
本文研究…
This paper reports on …
本文对…进行报告
The purpose of this paper/study/thesis is …
本文的目的是…
The primary goal of this research is …
此项研究的首要目标是…
The present study will therefore focus on …
因此，当前研究的重点放在…
The present work deals mainly with …
当前工作主要涉及…
In this paper, we aim at …
本文旨在…
On the basis of existing literature data, we carried out studies in an effort to …
在现有文献数据的基础上，我们开展了研究，试图…
三、Research design
（一）研究范畴
The problem under discussion is within the scope of …
讨论的问题限于…范畴。
The problem I have referred to falls within the field of …
我谈及有问题发生在…领域。
The problem we have just outlined seems to be inside of the province of …
我们先前描述的问题似乎只发生在…省。
Studies with these effects covered various aspects of …
针对这些效果的研究涵盖了…的不同方面。
The author has limited his studies to the related aspects of …
作者将研究范围限定在…的相关方面。
Our studies with this technique are confined to only one particular aspect of …
我们运用此项技术的研究只限于…的一个特定方面。
This subject is concerned chiefly with the study of …
本课题主要涉及…的研究。
The approach under study is only applied to …
研究的方法只能应用于…
The theory cannot apply to other cases of …
本理论不适用于其它…情况。
The emphasis of this paper is to survey …
本文的重点是调查…
（二）说明篇章结构
This paper is divided into 5 sections as follows …
本文分成如下五个部分
Section one of the paper opens with …
第一节以…开头
Section 3 develops the second hypotheses on …
每三节展开关于…的第二项假设
Section 4 shows/introduces/reveals/treats/ develops/deal with …
第四节描述…
The 5th section provides an exposition that places the primary emphasis on …
第五节是展示部分，重点放在…
The result of … is given in the last section.
…的结果放在最后一部分。
In this paper, data and results are presented under the major heading of …
本文中，数据和结果放在大标题…下。
Finally, a summary is given of …
最后，给出关于…的结论。
Finally, some problems that deserve to be noted and their solution are presented.
最后提出了应注意的一些问题和解决方法。
（三）Materials and methods
作者可通过定义、描写、说明、举例、实验、论证、比较、分析综合、判断推理等不同的方式来证实在引言中所提及的主题，阐明研究是怎样完成的。常用表达手法介绍：
1. 定义、描述
2. 推导、实验方法
3. 实验步骤
4. 示例、图示
（四）术语定义、对象描述
描述
The theory is characterized by …
该理论具有…特点。
The fundamental feature of this theory is as follows.
该理论的基本特点如下。
Our system uses a … framework.
我们的系统采用…构架。
… is composed of the following main parts: …
…由下列主要部分构成：…
Our algorithm consists of two parts, a … and a …
我们的算法由两部分构成，一个…和一个…
… consist mainly of … but also include … , …, and …
…主要由…构成，但也包括…、…和…
… has two key components: a specification of …, and the … algorithm.
…包含两个关键部分：一个关于…的规范，还有一个就是…算法。
定义
… is called …
…叫作…
It is called … in physics.
它在物理学上被称为…
This equation is known as … law.
这个等式被叫做…定律。
Here, the term '…' just refers to a …
在这里，“…”一词仅指一个…
We may refer to such a cell as a …
我们可以把这样的单元称为…
We will consequently refer to it as …
由此，我们将它称为…
Such indicator functions are referred to as … instead of … throughout the rest of the paper.
在论文的其余部分，这样的指示函数被称为…，而不是…。
The objective function, later referred to as …, is as follows.
目标函数，在下文中被称为…，形式如下。
（五）推导、实验方法
This formula is verified by …
公式通过…验证。
Substituting … in/into …, we obtain/have/get …
将…替换进…，我们得到…
Substituting … in/into … gives/yields/results in …
将…替换进…，产生…
Let us now consider the case where …
让我们来思考一下…的情况。
Suppose that … is a solution of …
假设…是…的解。
If m=1.2, then we have the following equations:
如果m=1.2，可以得到下列等式：
Given that m=1.2, we obtain …
假设m=1.2，可以得到…
The relationship between … and … is as follows:
… 与…之间的关系如下：
To eliminate such possibilities, we implemented a …
为了消除这种可能性，我们实现了一个…
… is determined by using the …
通过…来确定…
… is assigned to …
将…赋予…
The … from each section were removed.
去除每个部分上的…
Five … were selected at random.
随机挑选五个…
（六）实验步骤
The procedure we followed can be briefly described as …
我们所采用的步骤可以简单地这么说，…
The steps taken are: …
所采用的步骤是：…
The experiment consisted of three steps, which are described in …
实验包括三步，在…中描述。
The algorithm has four steps.
算法分成四步。
The typical …… system goes through roughly these steps: …
典型的……系统大致要经过这些步骤：…
After … is done by …, a … step is applied to …
…做完…后，要进行…步骤，以…
The second step is to perform …
第二步是进行…
Second came the … phase.
第二步是…阶段。
The last step is to …
最后一步是…
Lastly came the … phase, which involved …
最后一步是…阶段，这一步包括…