2014 英语二 阅读A Text 3 解析
2014-01-05 23:25阅读：
Text 3
The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as
the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most
acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And
yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply
experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle. Certain
jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since
technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human
jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in
ways we can't immediately foresee.
When there is exponential improvement in the price and
performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune
from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has
attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race
Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who
both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business. This is a
powerful a
rgument, and a scary one. And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power
of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the
reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first
place.
Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend
to be 'tightly scripted' and 'highly standardized' ones that leave
no room for 'individual initiative or creativity.' In short, these
are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than
human beings. That is how we have put a giant target sign on the
backs of American workers, Hagel says. It's time to reinvent the
formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a
very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly
changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace
who can take initiative and exercise their imagination 'to respond
to unexpected events.' That's not something machines are good at.
They are designed to perform very predictable
activities.
As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched
on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against the
machine as race with the machine. In other words, we need to look
at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than
replace it. So then the problem is not really about technology, but
rather, 'how do we innovate our institutions and our work
practices?'
31.
According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would
__________. 具体信息题
[A]. ease the competition of man vs.
machine 划线信息与原文含义相反 “man
versus machine … tends to be most acutely felt during economic
downturns and fragile recoveries.”
[B]. highlight machines’ threat to human
jobs 对应原文“this phenomenon
tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile
recoveries”
[C]. provoke a painful technological
revolution 划线信息错误搭配，原文为“industrial
revolution”
[D]. outmode our current economic structure
错误搭配，原文“Certain jobs… outmoded by machines
(一些工作被机器所替代)”
32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that
_________. 段落信息题
[A]. technology is diminishing man’s job
opportunities 对应原文“jobs
that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become
threatened
(那些曾被认为无法被自动技术所取代的工作正遭受着随之而来的威胁)”
[B]. automation is accelerating technological
development 不符合原文“once thought to be
immune from automation”
[C]. certain jobs will remain intact after
automation不符合原文“jobs that were
once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become
threatened
(那些曾被认为无法被自动技术所取代的工作正遭受着随之而来的威胁)”
[D]. man will finally win the race against
machine 信息来源有误，且含义不符“This is a powerful
argument, and a scary one.”
33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often
_________.
[A]. performed by innovative
minds不符合原文“no room for 'individual
initiative or creativity.'”
[B]. scripted with an individual style
不符合原文“no room for 'individual initiative or
creativity.'”
[C]. standardized without a clear
target不符合原文“put a giant target sign
on the backs of American workers”
[D]. designed against human creativity
符合原文“leave no room for 'individual
initiative or
creativity”
34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and
McAfee discussed _____.
[A]. the predictability of machine behavior in
practice
选项是针对第三段“They
are designed to perform very predictable
activities.（机器人是设计用来完成可以预测的各种任务）”而设计。信息来源有误且选项为拼凑的选项。
[B]. the formula for how work is conducted
efficiently
信息来源有误，是Hagel的观点。
[C]. the ways machines replace human labor in modern
times不符合原文“ … the ways in which
machines can augment human labor rather than replace
it我们应该去关注让机器增强人的能力而不是代替人力本身的方法”
[D]. the necessity of human involvement in the
workplace符合原文，对应原文是
“rather than replace
it”. 不取代人的劳动，强调人的参与。
35. Which of the following could be the most
appropriate title for the text?
[A]. How to Innovate Our Work Practices
以偏概全
[B]. Machines will Replace Human Labor
错误
[C]. Can We Win the Race Against Machines
概括全文
[D]. Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations
细节信息，以偏概全
