现在分词短语作状语讲解（例句丰富）
2014-03-18 15:48阅读：
现在分词短语可以用作状语，修饰句子中由谓语表示的主要动作。这个状语可以表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或表示主要动作发生的伴随情况，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。下面分述如下：
一、作时间状语
如果现在分词的动作和主谓语的动作同时发生，分词用一般式，有时其前可以加上连词while或when。相当于when,
while ,as
等引导的时间状语从句，常位于句首或句末。
(When) Visiting a strange city，I like to have
a guide-book with me.游览陌生城市时，我喜欢随身带着导游手册。
(While)Flying over the Channel，the pilot saw what he
thought to be a
meteorite.飞过英吉利海峡时，驾驶员认为他看见了一颗陨星。
Hearing the news，they all jumped with joy.(＝When they
heard the news，they...)听到这个消息时，他们都高兴得跳了起来。
Walking slowly across the grass，he pointed the gun at
the lion and fired.他慢慢地走过草地，把枪对准狮子就射击了。
Crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a
car.
=When he was crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a
car.
(When) Hearing the news, he got
frightened.
= When he heard the news, he got
frightened.
Having arrived at the
factory, they immediately set to
work. Be careful when crossing
the street.
Don’t mention this while
talking to him.
On arriving in London, he
managed to get in touch
with her.=As soon as he
arrived in London.
Having read the letter,
she got very
excited.
One day，while walking along the sands towards his
boat，Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man's foot.
有一天，克鲁索沿着沙滩走向他的船时，在沙子里看见一个人的脚印。
Seeing my parents waving in the crowd，I went running
to them.
分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。常用的动词，如：hear,
see, arrive, return, get to, look, open, close, leave, turn
around,等，表示一个短暂动作。此种情况可以换作on+动名词，表示相同的意思。译作'一（刚）……就……'。此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句，该从句的动词多用一般过去时表示。
Hearing the footstep below(＝When he heard the
footstep below)，he rose and went to the top of the
stairs.听见下面脚步声，他站起身来走到楼梯口去。
Seeing a large cake flying through the air，the driver
pulled up quickly.司机看见一只大蛋糕在空中掠过，赶紧刹车。
Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped
talking at once.
= On hearing their teacher's
voice…
= When they heard their teacher's voice, the
pupils…一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。
B6u5
1.Having collected and
evaluated the information, I
help other scientists to predict
where lava from the volcano
will flow next and how
fast. (P34)
收集和评估了这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测下次火山熔岩将往何处流，流速是多少。
2. Having experienced quite a few
earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much
notice.由于我已经在夏威夷经历过好几次地震，所以我并没过多注意。
Having……分词短语在句中作状语，表示动作发生在主句动作take
notice之前。
3. Having worked hard all day, I went to
bed early.
那天辛辛苦苦地干了一整天，我很早就上床睡觉。
4. Having earlier collected special
clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went ay
closer.
早先从观测站出发时，就带了一些特制的安全服，于是我们穿上安全服再走近火山口。
如果现在分词的动作结束之后，谓语动词的动作才发生，现在分词应用完成式。即having
done的形式。分词的逻辑主语应是句中的主语。这时分词所表示的动作有一定的持续性,
即延续性动词。如果用一般式就会给人感觉到似乎是'某人在做某事时就开始做某事'，容易产生误解。
这种情况可以用after+动名词的一般式表示。 也可以用after
/when引导的时间状语从句来替换，该从句的谓语动词用过去完成式。
现在分词的完成式指分词所表示的动作发生在主句中谓语动词之前，若分词所表示的动作与主语之间是主谓关系，则用having
done, 若是动宾（被动）关系，则用having been
done.
Having watered the flowers(＝After／When he had watered
the flowers)，he began to cut the
grass.他把花浇好后，开始割草。
Having eaten his dinner，the boy rushed
out.那男孩吃完了饭就跑出去了。
Having worked in the
country for three years, he
knew how to grow
vegetables.
Having been translated into
several languages, the book
became famous all over the
world.
Having finished his homework,
he went to bed.
Having lived in New York
for years, I know each
part of it very
well.
Having finished his homework the boy was allowed to
watch TV play.
After having finished his homework, the boy…
After /when he had finished his homework, the
boy…
Having received his letter, I decided to write
back.
完成句子
①、_____________ his gloves, the
doctor began to do the
operation.
戴上手套后，那位医生开始做手术了。
②、___________________， she stopped
to have a break.
写完作业后，她停下来休息。
③、_____________ the news, the
woman stood there, frightened.
听到这个消息，那位女士站在那儿，吓坏了。
答案：
(1) Having put on (2)
Having finished her homework (3)
Hearing
1. ____all my letters, I had a drink and went
out.
A. Finished
B. Having finished
C. Finishing
D. To finish
2.____several times, the young scientist still kept
on making his experiments.
A. Having been failed
B. Having failed
C. Though failed
D. Because of failure
3. While building a tunnel through the
mountain,___.
A. an underground lake was
discovered
B. there was an underground lake
discovered
C. a lake was discovered
underground.
D. the workers discovered an underground lake
4. She set out soon after dark ___ home an hour
later.
A. arriving
B. to arrive
C. having arrived
D. and arrived
5.___his key, he couldn’t enter the
room.
A. Having been lost
B. He had lost
C. Having lost
D. Losing
6. The lecture __________ , he
left his seat so quietly
that no one
complained that his leaving
disturbed the speaker．
A．began
B．beginning
C．having begun
D．being beginning
7. She set out soon after
dark________ home an hour later.
A. arriving
B. to arrive
C. having arrived
D. and arrived
8. ________ around the
Water Cube, we were then
taken to see the Bird’s
Nest for the 2008 Olympic
Games.
A. Having shown
B. To be shown
C. Having been shown
D. To show
9. _______ in the hall
for half an hour, the old
man suddenly
realized he had left the
wallet in the car.
A. Waiting
B. To
