2020年高考英语真题语法填空汇编解析
2021-03-10 07:01阅读:
2020年高考英语真题语法填空汇编
I.记叙文
1.
【2020·全国卷I】
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on
the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe
(探测器) - the name was inspired by an
ancient Chinese moon goddess
61. (touch) down last
week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side
is 62.
(extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct
radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a
satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot
63. it could send
signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far s
ide of the moon is of particular
64. (interesting) to
scientists because it has a lot of deep craters
(环形山), more
so 65. the
familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments
onboard Chang’e-4
66. (find) and study
areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
"This really excites
scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist
at Brown University, says, "because
it 67. (mean)
we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon
68.
(construct)"Data about the moon’s
composition, such as how
69. ice and other
treasures it contains, could help China decide whether
70. (it) plans for a
future lunar (月球的) base are
practical.
【答案】
61.touched
62.extremely
63.where
64.interest
65.than
66.to find
67.means
68.is constructed
69.much
70.its
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家,文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
61..考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last
week可知应使用一般过去时,故填touched。
62.考查副词。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,应使用extreme的副词形式,故填extremely。
63.考查定语从句。句意:中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知,空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是a
spot,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导。故填where。
64.考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知,空处应填名词,interest是不可数名词,be
of interest to
sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
65.考查介词。句意:因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more
so可知,此处填介词than,表示“比……更”。故填than。
66.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to
find。
67.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle
Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This
really excites
scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。
68.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语construct与主语the
moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the
moon是单数,故填is
constructed。
69.考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词,应使用much修饰,故填much。
70.考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
2.
【2020·全国卷II】
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Deorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New
Year
Chinese New Year is a
61. (celebrate)
marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers
62. (carry) special
significance. They represent the earth
63.
(come) back to life and best wishes for
new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the
country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more
64. decoration; they
are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and
you see them many times
65. (decorate) with
red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will
see them often in their homes and office.
66. (certain) during
the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are
associated 67.
health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy
68. (care) for and
make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花):
The 69.
(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds
(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum
trees are 70.
first to flower even as the snow is
melting(融化). They represent the promise
of spring and a renewal of life.
【答案】
61.celebration
62.carries
63.coming
64.than
65.decorated
66.Certainly
67.with
68.to care
69.beautiful
70.the
【解析】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。
61.考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
62.考查主谓一致。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句,从句主语为动名词短语decorating
with plants, fruits and
flowers,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come
back
to之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
64.考查短语。句意:桔子树不仅仅是装饰品;more
than不仅仅,不只是。故填than。
65.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange
trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
66.考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语,因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构,用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
67.考查短语。句意:竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be
associated
with与……相联系。故填with。
68.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be
+形容词 + to
do”结构。填to
care。
69.考查形容词。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches,用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
70.考查冠词。句意:雪还在融化时,梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指,所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
3.
【2020·全国卷III】
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In ancient China lived an
artist61.
paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had
made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait
(画像) done so he called all great artists
to come and present their
62. (fine) work, so
that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he
would63.(choose),
but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief
minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel
to the Li River~perhaps he could learn a
little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with
64. (curious), the
artist packed his bags and left.
65. he asked the
villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the
legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled
and 66.
(point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and
set out 67.
(find) the well-known painter. As the small boat
moved, 68.
(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the
mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky
white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he
saw the mists rising from the river and the soft
clouds69.
(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The
artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the
greatest artist 70.
earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】
61.whose
62.finest
63.be chosen
64.curiosity
65.When/As
66.pointed
67.to find
68.gently
69.surrounding
70.On
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生,有一天他将画送给宰相时,这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
61.考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist,且先行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
62.考查最高级。句意:一天,皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来,展示他们最好的作品,以便他挑选最好的。结合句意,皇帝想要画家最好的作品,表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
63.考查动词语态。句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系,且would后跟动词原形。故填be
chosen。
64..考查名词。句意:怀着好奇心,艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词,后跟名词curiosity作宾语,表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
65.考查连接词。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”,且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词,不能用while引导,故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
66.考查动词时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they
smiled
and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
67.考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set
out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to
find。
68.考查副词。句意:当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时,山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语,表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
69.考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the
soft clouds 69
(surround) the mountain
tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
70.考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on
earth。故填on。
4.
【2020·山东卷】
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps,
postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries,
36. (wealth) people
travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of
art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big
37. until they died,
and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by
Sir Hans Sloane, for example,
38. (form) the core
collection of the British Museum
39. opened in
1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public
40. (call) galleries
or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection
41. (be) on display.
Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of
visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with
computer simulations (模拟) and
imagine 42.
(they) living at a different time in history or
43.(walk)through a
rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking
settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds
and smells of the old town. Historical
44. (accurate) is
important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete
45.people’s spare
time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome
school groups and arrange special activities for
children.
【答案】
36.wealthy
37.or
38.formed
39.which/that
40.are called
41.is
42.themselves
43.walking
44.accuracy
45.for
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。
36.考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people,应使用形容词,做定语。故填wealthy。
37.考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世,然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知,前后陈述的是两者可能性,应使用连词or:或者。故填or。
38.考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
39.考查定语从句。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是the
British
Museum,关系词在从句中做主语,应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
40.考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用,应使用一般现在时;主语与call是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填are
called。
41.考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语a
small part of a museum’s
collection是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式,且后面的Most
of it is stored away or used for
research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
42.考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
43.考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,imagine
sb doing sth.
“想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
44.考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语,位于形容词historical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
45.考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete
for,意为:
“为了……竞争”。故填for。
5.
【2020·浙江卷】
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some time after 10,000
BC,people made the first real attempt to
control the world they lived
56.,through
agriculture. Over thousands of years,they
began to depend less on
57. could be hunted
or gathered from the wild,and more on
animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person
58. hunting and
gathering,so people were able to raise
more children. And,as more children were
born,more food
59.(need).
Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of
technology
60.(change)lives.
By about 6000 BC,people
61. (discover)the
best crops to grow and animals to raise.
Later,they learned to work with
the 62.
(season),planting at the right time
and,in dry areas,
63. (make)use of
annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their
fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.
Then,with
64. rise of
science,changes began. New methods
65. (mean)that fewer
people worked in farming. In the last century or
so,these changes have accelerated. New
power machinery and artificial
fertilizers(化肥)have now totally
transformed a way of life that started in the Stone
Age.
【答案】
56.in
57.what
58.than
59.was needed
60.to change
61.had discovered
62.seasons
63.making
64.the
65.meant.
【解析】
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展历史。
56.考查介词。句意:公元前10000年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知,“they
lived _____”应是之前名词the
world
的定语从句,定语从句引导词被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即:they lived in
the world. live
in+名词,意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
57.考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意,此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
58.考查固定搭配。句意:农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知,此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比,应用比较连词than。more…
than,意为“比……更”故填than。
59.考查时态语态。句意:随着越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间,所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was
needed。
60.考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to
change。
61.考查时态。句意:大约在公元前6000年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by
+ 过去时间
译为“到…为止”,后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had
discovered.
62.考查名词复数。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,提示词的词性为为可数名词,应用复数形式。故填seasons。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,make所处的分句中无主语,故此处需用非谓语动词。make
use
of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(doing)形式做状语。故填making。
64.考查定冠词。句意:随着科学的崛起,事情发生了变化。with
the rise of
译为“随着......的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。
65.考查时态。句意:新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子,主句部分无其他动词,故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时,根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。