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简述一般现在时的另用2024-03-20

2024-03-09 16:04阅读:
简述一般现在时的另用2024-03-20
高中生自主学习场景 摄影:毛子泰

简述一般现在时的另
毛里林

通常情况下,一般现在时(The Present Indefinite)表示经常发生或反复发生的动作,现在的情况状态, 以及永恒的真理。不过,一般现在时还可以表示过去、现在完成和将来等时态的用法。本文就作一简述。
. 表示过去时间
1. 代替过去时用于述事文,介绍影视、戏剧故事梗概或新闻报道中追述往事,以增强描述的再现性、生动性和真实性。
1) 用于小说和故事等读物中戏剧性的描绘,使其生动再现于读者面前。例如:
Napoleon’s army now advances and the great battle begins. 现在拿破仑的军队大举进攻,战斗马上就要打响了。
The crowd swarms around the gateway, excitement grows as the pop star appears. 人群聚集在大门口,当那位流行歌星出现时,众人情绪高涨。
2) 用于描述影视、戏剧等故事梗概,使其生动展示在观众眼前。例如:
The outline of the Italian opera Aida
An Ethiopian princess who is taken away to Egypt to work as a slave. Her angry father comes to save her with an army and fights against the Egyptian army, which is led by Radames. Radames, who loves Aida, betrays the Egyptian king because he wants to help Aida to escape.
意大利歌剧艾达的故事梗概:
一位埃塞俄比亚公主,被带到埃及当奴隶。她愤怒的父亲带着一支军队来救她,并与拉德姆斯领导的埃及军队打仗。因拉德姆斯爱艾达,背叛了埃及国王,并帮助艾达逃离。
3) 用于新闻报道, 显示真实性,以期感染读者和观众。例如:
It has been raining for many days. The river rises higher and higher, breaks the banks and is filling all low places nearby, rushing through weeds and willows with a sound of danger. Soon the whole place is filled with water.
雨下了好多天了。河水涨得越来越高,冲破堤岸,填满了周边附近的低洼之地。洪水发出危险的声音,冲走了杂草,将柳树连根拔起。很快,四处就变成了一片汪洋。
4) 用于“It is said/reported/known…that”等句式,翻译成据说/报道/据了解……”等。例如:
It is said in the newspaper that its going to be hot the day after tomorrow. 报纸上说后天会很热。
2. 表示不确定的过去时间,即用一般现在时传达过去时间发出的信息,句子的侧重点在信息的内容上。此用法仅限于少数几个动词,如gather, hear, learn, say, tell等。例如:
I learn he’ll be back from Mexico within a week. 我得知他将在一周内从墨西哥回来。
My friends tell me that you’ve been unwell. 我的朋友告诉我你身体欠佳。
. 表示将来时间
1. 表示将来确定会发生的动作,或根据规定时间预计要发生的动作/事态。arrive, be, come, fall, go, leave, sail, start等动词有此用法。例如:
Their delegation arrives in Qingdao this evening. 他们的代表团今晚到达青岛。
The coming Spring Festival falls on January 25, 2020. 下一个春节是2020125日。
2. 用于条件或时间状语从句中,表示将来时间或状态。when, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等词()有此用法。例如:
I’ll tell her the news as soon as she comes back from work. 她一下班回来,我就把这个消息告诉她。
They’ll go with you to the Natural Zoo if the rain stops. 如果雨停了,他们会和你一起去自然动物园。
I won’t write to Kathy Barnes unless she does first. 除非凯茜·巴恩斯先写信给我,否则我不会给她先写信的。
. 替代完成时
1) 有些动词,如find, forget, hear, know, learn, remembersay, tell, understand, write 等可用一般现在时代替其完成时。例如:
I hear (= have heard) that he will go to London for further education. 我已经听说他要去伦敦深造。
I forget (=have forgotten) which university he is from, Dongbei University or Liaoning University. 我忘了他是从哪所大学来的,东北大学, 还是辽宁大学。
2) 句型 “ It is … since…”可以代替“It has been … since …”,意思是……以来已经多久了。例如:
It is eleven years(= has been) since Mike Taylor smoked. 迈克·泰勒戒烟已有十一年了。
It is (= has been) five days since my brother left Changsha for Shanghai. 我哥哥离开长沙去上海已经五天了。
. 替代现在进行时
某些动词句型,如“here comes…”, “there goes…”“there stands”等用一般现时替代现在进行时。例如:
Look, there stands a big tree. 快瞧,那儿长着一棵大树。
Look out! Here comes the bus. 当心,公交车开过来了。
Look, here comes Mr. Li, our general manager. 快看,我们的总经理,李先生来了。
参考文献:
1. 张道真 《实用英语语法》,外语教学与研究出版社,2015
2. 王守仁等 《牛津高中英语》(模块八·高二下学期),凤凰出版传媒集团/译林出版社,2017

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