International rules for the interpretation of trade terms（2010）
COST AND FREIGHT
CFR (insert named port of destination) CFR——成本加运费付至（……指定目的港）
新浪博客
International rules for the interpretation of trade terms（2010）
COST AND FREIGHT
CFR (insert named port of destination) CFR——成本加运费付至（……指定目的港）
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. “Cost and Freight” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel.
The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to
deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier in the manner specified in the chosen rule and not when the goods reach the place of destination.
This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places. While the contract will always specify a destination port, it might not specify the port of shipment, which is where risk passes to the buyer. If the shipment port is of particular interest to the buyer, the parties are well advised to identify it as precisely as possible in the contract.
The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible the point at the agreed port of destination, as the costs to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the specified point at the port of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties.
The seller is required either to deliver the goods on board the vessel or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment to the destination.
In addition, the seller is required either to make a contract of carriage or to procure such a contract. The reference to “procure” here caters for multiple sales down a chain (‘string sales’), particularly common in the commodity trades.
CFR may not be appropriate where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel, for example goods in containers, which are typically delivered at a terminal. In such circumstances, the CPT rule should be used.
CFR requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.
本规定只适用于海路及内陆水运。
当使用CPT,CIP,CFR或CIF术语时，卖方在将货物交至已选定运输方式的运送者时，其义务即已履行，而非货物抵达目的地时方才履行。
本规则有两个关键点，因为风险转移地和运输成本的转移地是不同的。尽管合同中通常会确认一个目的港，而不一定确认却未必指定装运港，即风险转移给买方的地方。如果买方对装运港关乎买方的特殊利益（特别感兴趣），建议双方就此在合同中尽可能精确的加以确认。
建议双方对于目的港的问题尽可能准确确认，因为以此产生的成本加运费由卖方承担。订立与此项选择（目的港选择）精确相符的运输合同。如果因买方原因致使运输合同与卸货点基于目的港发生关系，那么除非双方达成一致，否则卖方无权从买方处收回这些费用。
成本加运费对于货物在装到船舶之上前即已交给（原为交付）承运人的情形可能不适用，例如通常在终点站（即抵达港、卸货点，区别于port of destination）交付的集装箱货物。在这种情况下，宜使用CPT规则。（如当事各方无意越过船舷交货 ）
成本加运费原则要求卖方办理出口清关手续，若合适的话。但是，卖方无义务为货物办理进口清关、支付进口关税或者完成任何进口地海关的报关手续。
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS卖方义务
A1 General obligations of the seller卖方的一般义务
The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
卖方应当提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票，以及其他任何合同可能要求的证明货物符合合同要求的凭证。
如果买卖双方达成一致或者依照惯例，任何A1—A10中所要求的单据都可以具有同等作用的电子讯息（记录或手续）出现。
A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities
许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续
Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
若可能的话，卖方应当自担风险和费用，取得任何出口许可证或者其他官方授权，并办妥一切货物出口所必需的海关手续
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance运输合同与保险合同
a) Contract of carriage运输合同
The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named port of destination or, if agreed, any point at that port. The contract of carriage must be made on usual terms at the seller’s expense and provide for carriage by the usual route in a vessel of the type normally used for the transport of the type of goods sold.
卖方应当在运输合同中约定一个协商一致的交付地点，若有的话如在目的地的指定港口，或者，经双方同意在港口的任意地点。卖方应当自付费用，按照通常条件订立运输合同，经由惯常航线，将货物用通常用于供运输这类货物的船舶加以运输。
b) Contract of insurance保险合同
The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that
the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
卖方并无义务为买受人订立一份保险合同。但是，卖方应当按照买方的要求，在买方承担风险和费用（如果有的话）的前提下为其提供投保所需的的信息。
A4 Delivery交货
The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them on board the vessel or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either case, the seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port.
卖方应当通过将货物装至船舶之上或促使货物以此种方式交付进行交付。在任何一种情形下，卖方应当在约定的日期或期间内依惯例（新增部分）交付。
A5 Transfer of risks风险转移
The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5.
除B5中描述的毁损灭失的情形之外，在货物按照A4的规定交付之前（2000越过船舷前） ，卖方承担一切货物毁损灭失的风险。
A6 Allocation of costs费用划分
The seller must pay卖方必须支付以下费用：
a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6;
所有在货物按照A4交付完成之前所产生的与之相关的费用，B6中规定应由买方承担的可支付的部分除外。
b) the freight and all other costs resulting from A3 a), including the costs of loading the goods on board and any charges for unloading at the agreed port of discharge that were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage; and
货物运输费用及由A 3 a）之规定（即运输合同）而产生的一切其他费用，包括装载货物的费用，以及按照运输合同约定由卖方支付的在约定卸货港口卸货产生的费用。
c) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export, and the costs for their transport through any
country that were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage.
在适当的情况下，因海关手续产生的一切费用，以及出口货物所需缴纳的一切关税，税赋（注意两者之间区别）及其他应缴纳之费用（英美法特色，极尽罗列之能），以及根据运输合同应由卖方承担的因穿过任何国家所产生的过境费用。
A7 Notices to the buyer通知买方
The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take the goods.
卖方应当给予买方所有/任何（后者更恰切，与
This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. “Cost and Freight” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel.
The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to
deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier in the manner specified in the chosen rule and not when the goods reach the place of destination.
This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places. While the contract will always specify a destination port, it might not specify the port of shipment, which is where risk passes to the buyer. If the shipment port is of particular interest to the buyer, the parties are well advised to identify it as precisely as possible in the contract.
The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible the point at the agreed port of destination, as the costs to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the specified point at the port of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties.
The seller is required either to deliver the goods on board the vessel or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment to the destination.
In addition, the seller is required either to make a contract of carriage or to procure such a contract. The reference to “procure” here caters for multiple sales down a chain (‘string sales’), particularly common in the commodity trades.
CFR may not be appropriate where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel, for example goods in containers, which are typically delivered at a terminal. In such circumstances, the CPT rule should be used.
CFR requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.
本规定只适用于海路及内陆水运。
当使用CPT,CIP,CFR或CIF术语时，卖方在将货物交至已选定运输方式的运送者时，其义务即已履行，而非货物抵达目的地时方才履行。
本规则有两个关键点，因为风险转移地和运输成本的转移地是不同的。尽管合同中通常会确认一个目的港，而不一定确认却未必指定装运港，即风险转移给买方的地方。如果买方对装运港关乎买方的特殊利益（特别感兴趣），建议双方就此在合同中尽可能精确的加以确认。
建议双方对于目的港的问题尽可能准确确认，因为以此产生的成本加运费由卖方承担。订立与此项选择（目的港选择）精确相符的运输合同。如果因买方原因致使运输合同与卸货点基于目的港发生关系，那么除非双方达成一致，否则卖方无权从买方处收回这些费用。
成本加运费对于货物在装到船舶之上前即已交给（原为交付）承运人的情形可能不适用，例如通常在终点站（即抵达港、卸货点，区别于port of destination）交付的集装箱货物。在这种情况下，宜使用CPT规则。（如当事各方无意越过船舷交货 ）
成本加运费原则要求卖方办理出口清关手续，若合适的话。但是，卖方无义务为货物办理进口清关、支付进口关税或者完成任何进口地海关的报关手续。
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS卖方义务
A1 General obligations of the seller卖方的一般义务
The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract.
Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.
卖方应当提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票，以及其他任何合同可能要求的证明货物符合合同要求的凭证。
如果买卖双方达成一致或者依照惯例，任何A1—A10中所要求的单据都可以具有同等作用的电子讯息（记录或手续）出现。
A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities
许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续
Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
若可能的话，卖方应当自担风险和费用，取得任何出口许可证或者其他官方授权，并办妥一切货物出口所必需的海关手续
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance运输合同与保险合同
a) Contract of carriage运输合同
The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named port of destination or, if agreed, any point at that port. The contract of carriage must be made on usual terms at the seller’s expense and provide for carriage by the usual route in a vessel of the type normally used for the transport of the type of goods sold.
卖方应当在运输合同中约定一个协商一致的交付地点，若有的话如在目的地的指定港口，或者，经双方同意在港口的任意地点。卖方应当自付费用，按照通常条件订立运输合同，经由惯常航线，将货物用通常用于供运输这类货物的船舶加以运输。
b) Contract of insurance保险合同
The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that
the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
卖方并无义务为买受人订立一份保险合同。但是，卖方应当按照买方的要求，在买方承担风险和费用（如果有的话）的前提下为其提供投保所需的的信息。
A4 Delivery交货
The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them on board the vessel or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either case, the seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port.
卖方应当通过将货物装至船舶之上或促使货物以此种方式交付进行交付。在任何一种情形下，卖方应当在约定的日期或期间内依惯例（新增部分）交付。
A5 Transfer of risks风险转移
The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5.
除B5中描述的毁损灭失的情形之外，在货物按照A4的规定交付之前（2000越过船舷前） ，卖方承担一切货物毁损灭失的风险。
A6 Allocation of costs费用划分
The seller must pay卖方必须支付以下费用：
a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6;
所有在货物按照A4交付完成之前所产生的与之相关的费用，B6中规定应由买方承担的可支付的部分除外。
b) the freight and all other costs resulting from A3 a), including the costs of loading the goods on board and any charges for unloading at the agreed port of discharge that were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage; and
货物运输费用及由A 3 a）之规定（即运输合同）而产生的一切其他费用，包括装载货物的费用，以及按照运输合同约定由卖方支付的在约定卸货港口卸货产生的费用。
c) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export, and the costs for their transport through any
country that were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage.
在适当的情况下，因海关手续产生的一切费用，以及出口货物所需缴纳的一切关税，税赋（注意两者之间区别）及其他应缴纳之费用（英美法特色，极尽罗列之能），以及根据运输合同应由卖方承担的因穿过任何国家所产生的过境费用。
A7 Notices to the buyer通知买方
The seller must give the buyer any notice needed in order to allow the buyer to take measures that are normally necessary to enable the buyer to take the goods.
卖方应当给予买方所有/任何（后者更恰切，与