英文合同的用词特点（第二部分作者王辉）
2020-11-27 19:04阅读：
4.
大写字母的运用（Capitalization）
英文合同中，有些词的首字母需要大写。需要大写首字母的词除了基础英语中用在句首的一般情形外，尤其应注意下列的几种情况：
当事人
当事人指合同双方或各方（一般为两方以上）时，首字母通常大写。例如：
Party B shall inspect the raw materials supplied by Party A
forthwith upon receipt thereof.
乙方应一经收到甲方提供的原材料，即行检验。
机构名称
英文合同中涉及的机构名称，首字母要大写。例如：
ChinaIn
ternational Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission.
（中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会）
International Institute for the Unification of Private Law
（简称
UNIDROIT）
（国际统一私法协会）
The Board of Directors (董事会)
合同涉及的特指名称
在英文合同中，一些涉及到的关键词语，一般首字母要大写。通常会在合同的定义条款中定义，然后再重复使用。例如：
The Acceptance Test Manual shall be the document prepared
by A which will be used
by A and the Purchaser
FOR checking that the Equipment is in accordance with the
specification and Approved Data.
本验收实验手册系指由 A 提供的，供
A 与买方检验设备是否符合技术规格和认可资料的文件。
句中的 Acceptance Test Manual , Equipment, Approved
Data均有特指含义。
本合同及合同具体条款及附件名称
Such Site Acceptance shall take place within a period of two
weeks after the Effective Date to the Contract as such period may
be extended pursuant to Article 6 hereof.
现场验收应在本合同生效日后2
周内进行，此项验收的时间按本合同第 6
条延长。
Party A and Party B shall make full
endeavors to fulfill this
Contract with the
stipulated period. The schedule of various activities is attached
at Appendix 4.
甲乙双方应竭尽全力在规定的期间内完成本合同，各活动的日程表见附件 4
国际公约、惯例和国家法律法规、条例规章等的名称，
例如：This Contract is signed on a mutuality
voluntary basis by and between the following Employer and Employee
in accordance with 'The Labour Law of The People''s Republic of
China.'
本合同在自愿的基础上由聘用方和受聘方根据《中华人民共和国劳动法》达成协议如下：
合同提及的国际公约、惯例的首字母也需大写，如：
International Chamber of Commerce Term
2000(简称 INCOTERMS 2000)
2000 年国际贸易术语解释通则
也称International Rules for the Interpretation of
Trade Terms 2000
United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International
Sale of Goods（简称
CISG）
《联合国国际货物买卖合同公约》
The Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits,1993
Revision ICC Publication No. 500
《跟单统一信用证统一惯例》 （1993
年修订本，国际商会第 500 号出版物）
The Uniform Law on International Sale of
Goods 《国际货物买卖统一法》
The Uniform Law on the Formation OF Contracts for the
International Sale of Goods
《国际货物买卖合同成立统一法》
The Principles of International Commercial
Contracts
《国际商事合同通则》
合同中的货币名称
Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US$600 (SAY
FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).
聘方须每月付给受聘方美元600
元整。SAY表示后接大写，ONLY表示整
此外，英文合同为强调某些部分而用大写字母书写以资醒目。
例如在英文合同的开头往往有这样的句子：This AGREEMENT
… WITNESSES that WHEREAS …
and WHEREAS … NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of it is hereby
agreed as follows:
5.古体词与外来词（Archaic Words
and Loan Words）
英文合同中迄今仍然使用一些古体词语，最突出的形式是把 here, there,
where 加上介词而构成的复合副词。如：hereby, hereto,
hereunto, herein, hereinafter, hereinbefore, hereunder, thereof,
thereto，whereby,
whereas等等。Here+介词一类往往可以套用介词+this
agreement
来帮助理解。There/where+介词就需要考虑上下文参照
here+介词的理解方法。具体的理解和运用将在第 3
章英文合同常用词一节详述。
基于民法法系对普通法系的影响，英文合同的外来词主要是法语和拉丁语，有些外来词已经同化为英语，成为英语词汇的一部分，还有一些保留下来，现在仍在使用。连
Contract这个词都是从拉丁语
contractus演化来的呢。英文合同中常见的不可抗力条款用的
Force Majeure 也是拉丁语。具体例子如下：
The arbitration shall take place in the Plaintiff''s or
Defendant''s country.
仲裁应在原告或被告的国家进行。
Plaintiff 和
defendant 原为法语，现在已同化为英语。
The provisions of Paragraph 6
and Paragraph 12 of the
US Plan apply mutatis mutandis
to the UK Scheme, save that if an amendment is
made to the UK Scheme or to
the terms of an Approved Stock Option at a
time when the UK Scheme is approved by the Inland Revenue under
Schedule 9, the approval will not thereafter have effect unless the
Inland Revenue have approved the alteration or
addition.
应用于英方方案的美方规划的第6 节和第
12
节的规定的已作必要的修正，除非对英方方案或已批准股票期权条款的修改时值根据附件 9
英方方案已获批准，此后该批准不得生效，除非内税局已批准该改变或增补。mutatis
mutandis 为拉丁语，意为已作必要的修正。
An allowance on the basis of 2% of the sales price for each
unit shall be calculated and deducted from the purchase price
fraction pro rata.
补贴应按每单位售价的
2%计算并从购价中按比例扣除。Pro rata
为拉丁语意为 in
proportion, according to a factor that can be calculated
exactly.
We appoint and empower Mr./Ms. ______ to
be our agent
ad litem in the first and second
instances and/or retrial respectively, as well as in the
enforcement procedures, with respect to the case of
_____vs.______.
我方委托授权某先生/女士为某案一审，
二审， 再审和执行程序的委托代理人。
Ad litem为拉丁语'for the suit'. Agent
ad litem表示为诉讼代理人。
6.
助动词的准确使用（Auxiliaries）
英文合同中，shall
并非单纯表示将来时，而常用来表示法律上可强制执行的义务，具有约束力，宜译为'应'、'应该'、'必须'；
will 无论语气还是强制力要比 shall
弱，宜译为'将'、'原'、'要'；should通常只用来表示语气较强的假设、比如'万一'。
多用'shall'代替'will'或'should'加强语气和强制力。
This Contract shall become effective upon and from the date
on which it is signed.
本合同签字生效。
This Contract shall be written in English in four copies.
Each party shall keep two copies.
本合同应以英文写成，一式四份，双方各持两份。
Investment contributed by the parties is Renminbi _____,
which will be the registered capital of the joint venture company.
各方认缴投资总额为人民币***，将作为合资公司注册资本。
May 则时常用来表达当事人拥有的选择性权利。如 During the
Option Period, the Purchaser
may terminate this Agreement with a written
notice to the Seller.
选择期间，买方可书面通知卖方终止本协议。另看下例：
The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute
arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly
negotiations. Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be
referred to the People''s Court having
jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in
the absence of any arbitration clause in the
disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such
dispute occurs.
首先，合同双方应通过友好协商解决合同产生与合同有关的争议。如协商不成，所争议合同缺少仲裁条款或争议后未达成仲裁协议，则该争议可提交到有管辖权的人民法院诉讼解决。
本句中
shall，should
和may的表达准确，符合人们通过'协商'-'仲裁'-'诉讼'解决争议的基本流程。Shall
表示义务性约定，should
表示假设条件不成就，may表示行使选择性权利。
