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(A) the jury returns a general verdict;
(B) the court awards only costs or a sum certain; or
(C) the court denies all relief.
(2) Court’s Approval Required. Subject to Rule 54(b), the court must promptly approve the form of the judgment, which the clerk must promptly enter, when:
(2) 要求法院批准。在符合第54(b)条的规定下，如果是以下情况，法院须立即批准判决的形式，而书记官须立即按此形式作出：
(A) the jury returns a special verdict or a general verdict with answers to written questions; or
(A) 陪审团会对书面问题的答辩作出特别裁决或一般性裁决；或
(B) the court grants other relief not described in this subdivision (b).
(B) 法院准予本款(b)中未规定的其他救济。
(c) Time of Entry. For purposes of these rules, judgment is entered at the following times:
(c) 下判时间。根据本规则，应在以下时间作出判决：
(1) if a separate document is not required, when the judgment is entered in the civil docket under Rule 79(a); or
(1) 如果不需要单独的文件，当判决根据第79(a)条规定载入民事案卷时；或
(2) if a separate document is required, when the judgment is entered in the civil docket under Rule 79(a) and the earlier of these events occurs:
(2) 如果需要一份单独的文件，当根据第79(a)条规定将判决载入民事案卷，且下列事件较早发生时：
(A) it is set out in a separate document; or
(B) 150 days have run from the entry in the civil docket.
(B) 从民事案卷载入开始已经有150天了。
(d) Request for Entry. A party may request that judgment be set out in a separate document as required by Rule 58(a).
(d) 申请下判。当事人可根据第58(a)条的规定，要求以单独的文件做出判决。
(e) Cost or Fee Awards. Ordinarily, the entry of judgment may not be delayed, nor the time for appeal extended, in order to tax costs or award fees. But if a timely motion for attorney’s fees is made under Rule 54(d)(2), the court may act before a notice of appeal has been filed and become effective to order that the motion have the same effect under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4 (a)(4) as a timely motion under Rule 59.
(e) 判予成本或费用。通常情况下，为了税收成本或裁决费用，判决的做出不得延误，上诉的时间也不得延长。当事人根据本规则第54条第4款（2）项及时提交律师费申请的，法院在发出上诉通知并生效前，可裁定根据联邦上诉程序规则第4条第1款（4）项规定提交的申请与依据本规则第59条规定及时提交的申请，具有同等效力。
Rule 59 – New Trial; Altering or Amending a Judgment
(a) In General. (a) 一般规定。
(1) Grounds for New Trial. The court may, on motion, grant a new trial on all or some of the issues and to any party as follows:
(1) 重新审理的理由。法院可根据请求，准许重新审理可对下列案件的全部或部分当事人及全部或部分争议点：
(A) after a jury trial, for any reason for which a new trial has heretofore been granted in an action at law in federal court; or
(A) 在陪审团审理后，由于此前在联邦法院的普通法诉讼中被批准重新审理的任何理由；或
(B) after a nonjury trial, for any reason for which a rehearing has heretofore been granted in a suit in equity in federal court.
(B) 在非陪审团审理后，在联邦法院衡平法诉讼中进行的再审。
(2) Further Action After a Nonjury Trial. After a nonjury trial, the court may, on motion for a new trial, open the judgment if one has been entered, take additional testimony, amend findings of fact and conclusions of law or make new ones, and direct the entry of a new judgment.
(2) 在非陪审团审理后的重新审理。基于对非陪审团审理的案件提交的重新审理申请，法院可对登记的判决进行审理，收取补充性的证言，变更事实认定和法律上的结论，或作出新的事实认定和结论，并且裁定登记新的判决。
(b) Time to File a Motion for a New Trial. A motion for a new trial must be filed no later than 28 days after the entry of judgment.
(b) 提交重新审理的请求的实际。重新审理的请求必须不迟于判决后28天内提交。
(c) Time to Serve Affidavits. When a motion for a new trial is based on affidavits, they must be filed with the motion. The opposing party has 14 days after being served to file opposing affidavits. The court may permit reply affidavits.
(c) 送达庭外证词书的时间。根据庭外证词陈述书提交审理申请，庭外证词陈述书应与申请一并提交，对方当事人在送达后14日内可向法院提交陈述异议的庭外证词陈述书。
(d) New Trialon the Court’s Initiative or for Reasons Not in the Motion. No later than 28 days after the entry of judgment, the court, on its own, may order a new trial for any reason that would justify granting one on a party’s motion. After giving the parties notice and an opportunity to be heard, the court may grant a timely motion for a new trial for a reason not stated in the motion. In either event, the court must specify the reasons in its order.
(d) 基于法院自由裁量权或因没有提交该请求的理由而进行重新审理。在登记判决后10日内；如果当事人提交申请法院应准予重新审理的任何理由，法院可依其自由裁量权指令重新审理法院在通知各当事人并给予各当事人被听审的机会之后，可以允许根据申请中未陈述的理由而及时提交重新审理申请，当法院依职权重新审理或以未在重新审理申请中陈述的理由准予重新审理时，法院应当在重新审理指令中具体说明重新审理的理由。
(e) Motion to Alter or Amend a Judgment. A motion to alter or amend a judgment must be filed no later than 28 days after the entry of the judgment.
(e) 改判的请求。改判的请求必须不迟于判决生效后28天提交。
Rule 60 – Relief from a Judgment or Order
(a) Corrections Based on Clerical Mistakes; Oversights and Omissions. The court may correct a clerical mistake or a mistake arising from oversight or omission whenever one is found in a judgment, order, or other part of the record. The court may do so on motion or on its own, with or without notice. But after an appeal has been docketed in the appellate court and while it is pending, such a mistake may be corrected only with the appellate court’s leave.
对笔误的更正；疏忽和遗漏。法院可以依职权或任何当事人的申请并由法院指令作出通知后，随时更正在判决指令或法院记录其他部分的笔误和也于疏忽或遗漏出现的错误。在上诉期间，如果上诉被上诉法院在案件记录簿上登记之前，可以按上述方式更正错误；如果已进行登记且在上诉中，可在上诉法院同意后更正错误。
(b) Grounds for Relief from a Final Judgment, Order, or Proceeding. On motion and just terms, the court may relieve a party or its legal representative from a final judgment, order, or proceeding for the following reasons:
(b) 豁免最终判决、指令或诉讼程序的理由。经请求和正当条件，法院可因以下原因豁免当事人或其法定代表人的最终判决、指令或诉讼程序：
(1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect;
(1) 错误、怠慢、意外或可原谅的疏忽；
(2) newly discovered evidence that, with reasonable diligence, could not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial under Rule 59(b);
(2) 新质证的证据，这些证据是在依据本规则第59条第2款规定申请重新审理的期间内，即使相当地注意也不能质证的新证据；
(3) fraud (whether previously called intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation, or misconduct by an opposing party;
（3）欺诈（无论从前称之为内部的还是外部的）、虚假表示或对方当事人的其他不良行为；
(4) the jud