1.
2021版美国联邦法院证据规则 （中英文对照）
2.
2021 FEDERAL RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
3.
2021版美国联邦法院上诉程序规则
新浪博客
1.
2021版美国联邦法院证据规则 （中英文对照）
2.
2021 FEDERAL RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
3.
2021版美国联邦法院上诉程序规则
（中英文对照，正在汉化编辑中）
.
4.
2020版 美国联邦法院民事诉讼规则（中英文对照）
5.
THE RULES OF THE U.S. COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
以下是《2021版美国联邦法院证据规则》总目录
Table of Contents 目录
As amended through December 1, 2020
ARTICLE I. GENERAL PROVISIONS 第一章 总则
Rule 101 –Scope; Definitions规则101范围；定义
Rule 102 –Purpose规则102目的
Rule 103 –Rulings on Evidence规则103关于证据的裁定
Rule 104 –Preliminary Questions规则104预备性问题
Rule 105 – Limiting Evidence That Is Not Admissible Against Other Parties or for Other Purposes
规则105 对不能采纳来反对其他当事人或者用于其他目的之证据进行限制
Rule 106 – Remainder of or Related Writings or Recorded Statements
规则106 书写或者录制性陈述
Article II –Judicial Notice第二章
Rule 201. Judicial Notice of Adjudicative Facts 规则201对裁判性事实的司法认知
Article III –Presumptions in Civil Cases 第三章
Rule 301 –Presumptions in Civil Cases Generally规则301民事案件中推定的一般规定
Rule 302 – Applying State Law to Presumptions in Civil Cases
规则302就民事案件中的推定适用州法
Article IV –Relevance and its Limits 第四章
Rule 401 –Test for Relevant Evidence规则401相关证据的标准
Rule 402 –General Admissibility of Relevant Evidence
Rule 403 – Excluding Relevant Evidence for Prejudice, Confusion, Waste of Time, or Other Reasons
规则403因损害、混淆、浪费时间或者其他原因而排除相关证据
Rule 404. Character Evidence; Other Crimes, Wrongs or Acts
品行证据；其他犯罪、错误或行为
Rule 405 –Methods of Proving Character 规则405证明品性的方法
Rule 406 –Habit; Routine Practice规则406习惯；例行做法
Rule 407 –Subsequent Remedial Measures
Rule 408 –Compromise Offers and Negotiations规则408和解提议与谈判
Rule 409 – Offers to Pay Medical and Similar Expenses
规则409提议支付医疗费用与类似费用
Rule 410 – Pleas, Plea Discussions, and Related Statements
规则410答辩、答辩讨论与相关陈述
Rule 411 –Liability Insurance规则411责任保险
Rule 412 – Sex-Offense Cases: The Victim’s Sexual Behavior or Predisposition
规则412性犯罪案件：被害人的性行为或性怪癖
Rule 413 – Similar Crimes in Sexual-Assault Cases
规则413性侵犯案件中的类似犯罪
Rule 414 – Similar Crimes in Child Molestation Cases
规则414儿童性侵扰案件中的类似犯罪
Rule 415 – Similar Acts in Civil Cases Involving Sexual Assault or Child Molestation
规则415涉及性侵犯或者儿童性侵扰的民事案件中的类似行为
Article V –Privileges
Rule 501 –Privilege in General规则501特免权的一般规则
Rule 502 – Attorney-Client Privilege and Work Product; Limitations on Waiver
规则502律师—委托人特免权与工作成果；对弃权的限制
Article VI –Witnesses
Rule 601 –Competency to Testify in General规则601作证能力的一般规定
Rule 602 –Need for Personal Knowledge 规则602 缺乏亲身知识
Rule 603 –Oath or Affirmation to Testify Truthfully 规则603宣誓或者郑重声明将如实作证
Rule 604 –Interpreter规则604译员
Rule 605 –Judge’s Competency as a Witness
Rule 606 –Juror’s Competency as a Witness 规则606陪审员充任证人的能力
Rule 607 –Who May Impeach a Witness
Rule 608 – A Witness’s Character for Truthfulness or Untruthfulness
规则608证人诚实与否的品性
Rule 609 – Impeachment by Evidence of a Criminal Conviction
规则609使用刑事定罪判决证据进行弹劾
Rule 610 –Religious Beliefs or Opinions 规则610宗教信仰或者意见
Rule 611 – Mode and Order of Examining Witnesses and Presenting Evidence
规则611询问证人和提出证据的方式和顺序
Rule 612 – Writing Used to Refresh a Witness’s Memory
规则612用于刷新记忆的书写品
Rule 613 –Witness’s Prior Statement
Rule 614 –Court’s Calling or Examining a Witness
Rule 615 –Excluding Witnesses
Article VII –Opinions and Expert Testimony 第七章 意见与专家证言
Rule 701 –Opinion Testimony by Lay Witnesses规则701 外行证人的意见证言
Rule 702 –Testimony by Expert Witnesses 规则702专家证人证言
Rule 703 –Bases of an Expert’s Opinion Testimony
Rule 704 –Opinion on an Ultimate Issue规则704关于最终争点的意见
Rule 705 – Disclosing the Facts or Data Underlying an Expert’s Opinion
规则705专家意见所依据的事实或者数据的披露
Rule 706 –Court-Appointed Expert Witnesses
Article VIII –Hearsay 第八章传闻
Rule 801- Definitions That Apply to This Article; Exclusions from Hearsay
规则801适用于本章的定义；传闻排除
Rule 802 –The Rule Against Hearsay 规则802反对传闻规则
Rule 803. Exceptions to the Rule Against Hearsay—Regardless of Whether the Declarant Is Available as a Witness
规则803.对传闻规则的例外情况-
Rule 804. Exceptions to the Rule Against Hearsay—When the Declarant Is Unavailable as a Witness
规则803.对传闻规则的例外情况-
Rule 805 –Hearsay Within Hearsay
Rule 806 – Attacking and Supporting the Declarant’s Credibility
Rule 807. Residual Exception
Article IX –Authentication and Identification 第九章 验真与辨认
Rule 901 –Authenticating or Identifying Evidence 规则901证据验真与辨认
Rule 902 –Evidence That Is Self-Authenticating 规则902自我验真的证据
Rule 903 –Subscribing Witness’s Testimony
Article X – Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs
第十章书写品、录制品和摄影的内容
Rule 1001 –Definitions That Apply to This Article
Rule 1002 –Requirement of the Original
Rule 1003 –Admissibility of Duplicates规则1003副本的可采性
Rule 1004 – Admissibility of Other Evidence of Content
规则1004 关于内容的其他证据的可采性
Rule 1005 – Copies of Public Records to Prove Content
规则1005用于证明内容的公共记录的复制件
Rule 1006 –Summaries to Prove Content
Rule 1007 – Testimony or Statement of a Party to Prove Content
规则1007用于证明内容的当事人证言或者自认
Rule 1008 –Functions of the Court and Jury 规则1008 法院与陪审团的功能
Article XI –Miscellaneous Rules 第十一章 其他规则
Rule 1101 –Applicability of the Rules规则1101本证据规则的适用
Rule 1102 –Amendments规则1102修正
Rule 1103 –Title规则1103名称
部分章节如下：
ARTICLE VI. WITNESSES
Rule 601 –Competency to Testify in General
Every person is competent to be a witness unless these rules provide otherwise. But in a civil case, state law governs the witness’s competency regarding a claim or defense for which state law supplies the rule of decision.
每个人都有作为证人的能力，除非本证据规则另有规定。但是在民事案件中，如果州法就起诉或者辩护规定了适用的裁决规则，则证人的能力由州法调整。
Rule 602 –Need for Personal Knowledge
A witness may testify to a matter only if evidence is introduced sufficient to support a finding that the witness has personal knowledge of the matter. Evidence to prove personal knowledge may consist of the witness’s own testimony. This rule does not apply to a witness’s expert testimony under Rule 703.
只有在提出的证据足以支持认定证人就某事项具有亲身知识的情况下，证人才可以就该事项作证。证明亲身知识的证据可以包括证人自己的证言。本条规则并不适用于专家证人根据规则703所作出的证言。
Rule 603 – Oath or Affirmation to Testify Truthfully
规则603
Before testifying, a witness must give an oath or affirmation to testify truthfully. It must be in a form designed to impress that duty on the witness’s conscience.
在作证前，证人必须宣誓或者郑重声明将如实作证。该宣誓或者郑重声明必须以某种旨在以该职责触动证人良知的方式进行。
Rule 604 –Interpreter
An interpreter must be qualified and must give an oath or affirmation to make a true translation.
译员必须具有资格，并宣誓或者郑重声明将如实翻译。
Rule 605 –Judge’s Competency as a Witness
The presiding judge may not testify as a witness at the trial. A party need not object to preserve the issue.
主持审判的法官不得在该审判中作为证人作证。当事人无需提出异议来留存此问题。
Rule 606 –Juror’s Competency as a Witness
(a) At the Trial. A juror may not testify as a witness before the other jurors at the trial. If a juror is called to testify, the court must give a party an opportunity to object outside the jury’s presence.
(b) During an Inquiry into the Validity of a Verdict or Indictment.
（a）审判时。在审判时，陪审员不得在其他陪审员面前作为证人作证。如果陪审员被传唤作证，法院必须给予当事人在陪审团不在场的情况下提出异议的机会。
（b）调查陪审团裁决或者起诉书有效期间。
(1) Prohibited Testimony or Other Evidence. During an inquiry into the validity of a verdict or indictment, a juror may not testify about any statement made or incident that occurred during the jury’s deliberations; the effect of anything on that juror’s or another juror’s vote; or any juror’s mental processes concerning the verdict or indictment. The court may not receive a juror’s affidavit or evidence of a juror’s statement on these matters.
（1）禁止的证言或者其他证据。在调查陪审团裁决或者起诉书的有效性期间，陪审员不得就陪审团评议期间作出的任何陈述或者发生的任何事件作证，或者就影响该陪审员或者其他陪审员的投票的任何事情作证，或者就该陪审员与裁决或者起诉书有关的思想过程作证。就这些事项，法院不得接受陪审员的宣誓书或者关于陪审员的陈述的证据。
(2) Exceptions. A juror may testify about whether:
(A) extraneous prejudicial information was improperly brought to the jury’s attention;
(B) an outside influence was improperly brought to bear on any juror; or
(C) a mistake was made in entering the verdict on the verdict form.
（2）例外。陪审员可以就下列事项作证。
（A）是否有无关的有害信息不当地引起了陪审团的注意；
（B）是否有外部影响不当地影响了任何陪审员；或者
（C）在将裁决制成裁决书时，是否存在错误。
Rule 607 –Who May Impeach a Witness
Any party, including the party that called the witness, may attack the witness’s credibility.
任何当事人，包括传唤证人的当事人，都可以攻击证人的可信性。
Rule 608 – A Witness’s Character for Truthfulness or Untruthfulness
规则608 证人诚实与否的品性
(a) Reputation or Opinion Evidence. A witness’s credibility may be attacked or supported by testimony about the witness’s reputation for having a character for truthfulness or untruthfulness, or by testimony in the form of an opinion about that character. But evidence of truthful character is admissible only after the witness’s character for truthfulness has been attacked.
（a）声望或者意见证据。可以用关于证人诚实与否至品性的声望证言或者关于该品性的意见形式的证言，来攻击和支持证人可信性，但是，只有在证人诚实品性受到攻击后，关于诚实品性的证据才具可采性。
(b) Specific Instances of Conduct. Except for a criminal conviction under Rule 609, extrinsic evidence is not admissible to prove specific instances of a witness’s conduct in order to attack or support the witness’s character for truthfulness. But the court may, on cross-examination, allow them to be inquired into if they are probative of the character for truthfulness or untruthfulness of:
（b）行为具体实例。除规则609规定的犯罪定罪判决外，外部证据不可采来证明证人的行为具体实例，以攻击或者支持证人的诚实品性。但是，在交叉询问中，如果行为具体实例对于下列人员诚实与否的品性具有证明作用，法院可以允许对它们进行调查：
(1) the witness; or
(2) another witness whose character the witness being cross-examined has testified about.
By testifying on another matter, a witness does not waive any privilege against self-incrimination for testimony that relates only to the witness’s character for truthfulness.
（1）证人；或者
（2）正在接受交叉询问的证人曾就其品性作证的另一证人。
当就其他事项作证时，如果证言仅与证人诚实性品性有关，证人并没有放弃反对自我归罪的特免权。
Rule 609 – Impeachment by Evidence of a Criminal Conviction
规则609 使用刑事定罪判决证据进行弹劾
(a) In General. The following rules apply to attacking a witness’s character for truthfulness by evidence of a criminal conviction:
(1) for a crime that, in the convicting jurisdiction, was punishable by death or by imprisonment for more than one year, the evidence:
（a）总则。以下规则适用于使用刑事定罪判决证据攻击证人的诚实品性：
（1）对于在作出判决的司法辖区，应判处死刑或者1年以上监禁的犯罪而言；
(A) must be admitted, subject to Rule 403, in a civil case or in a criminal case in which the witness is not a defendant; and
(B) must be admitted in a criminal case in which the witness is a defendant, if the probative value of the evidence outweighs its prejudicial effect to that defendant; and
（A）在民事案件或者证人不是被告的刑事案件中，在遵守规则403的前提下，必须采纳该证据；以及
（B）在证人是被告的刑事案件中，在该证据的证明价值超过其对被告的损害效果的情况下，必须采纳该证据；以及
(2) for any crime regardless of the punishment, the evidence must be admitted if the court can readily determine that establishing the elements of the crime required proving — or the witness’s admitting — a dishonest act or false statement.
（2）对于任何犯罪，无论其刑罚如何，如果法院可以轻易确定，证明该犯罪要件需要证明或者证人承认不诚实行为或者虚假陈述，则必须采纳该证据。
(b) Limit on Using the Evidence After 10 Years. This subdivision (b) applies if more than 10 years have passed since the witness’s conviction or release from confinement for it, whichever is later. Evidence of the conviction is admissible only if:
（b）10年后使用证据的限制。如果自证人被定罪之日或者证人从该定罪判决判定的监禁中被释放之日起算，无论哪个日期，以迟者为准，已逾10年，则适用（b）款。只有在下列情况下，定罪判决证据才可采：
(1) its probative value, supported by specific facts and circumstances, substantially outweighs its prejudicial effect; and
(2) the proponent gives an adverse party reasonable written notice of the intent to use it so that the party has a fair opportunity to contest its use.
（1）由具体事实和情况支持的定罪判决之证明价值严重超过了其损害结果；并且
（2）证据提出者就使用该证据的意图对对方当事人进行了合理的书面通知，为对方提供了就该证据的使用进行反驳的公平机会。
(c) Effect of a Pardon, Annulment, or Certificate of Rehabilitation. Evidence of a conviction is not admissible if:
(1) the conviction has been the subject of a pardon, annulment, certificate of rehabilitation, or other equivalent procedure based on a finding that the person has been rehabilitated, and the person has not been convicted of a later crime punishable by death or by imprisonment for more than one year; or
(2) the conviction has been the subject of a pardon, annulment, or other equivalent procedure based on a finding of innocence.
（c）赦免、撤销或者改过自新证明书的效力。在下列情况下，定罪证据不可采：
（1）根据对被定罪或者改过自新的认定，对该定罪已经赦免、撤销或者已经发给改过自新证明书，或者已经适用其他相当程序，并且此后该人未被判定犯有可以判处死刑或者1年以上徒刑的罪行；或者
（2）根据无罪认定，对该定罪已经适用赦免、撤销或者适用其他相当程序。
(d) Juvenile Adjudications. Evidence of a juvenile adjudication is admissible under this rule only if:
（d）未成年人判决。只有在下列情况下，关于未成年人判决的证据根据本条证据规则才具有可采性：
(1) it is offered in a criminal case;
(2) the adjudication was of a witness other than the defendant;
(3) an adult’s conviction for that offense would be admissible to attack the adult’s credibility; and
(4) admitting the evidence is necessary to fairly determine guilt or innocence.
(e) Pendency of an Appeal. A conviction that satisfies this rule is admissible even if an appeal is pending. Evidence of the pendency is also admissible.
（1）该证据是在刑事案件中提出的；
（2）该判决是对被告之外的证人的判决；
（3）关于该罪行的成年人定罪判决证据可采纳用以攻击成年人的可信性；并且
（4）采纳该证据为公平确定有罪或者无罪所必需。
（e）上诉未决。符合本条规则的定罪判决具有可采性，即使上诉未决。关于上诉未决的证据，也具有可采性。
Rule 610 –Religious Beliefs or Opinions
Evidence of a witness’s religious beliefs or opinions is not admissible to attack or support the witness’s credibility.
关于证人的宗教信仰或意见的证据，不可采纳来攻击或者支持证人的可信性。
Rule 611 – Mode and Order of Examining Witnesses and Presenting Evidence
规则611 询问证人和提出证据的方式和顺序
(a) Control by the Court; Purposes. The court should exercise reasonable control over the mode and order of examining witnesses and presenting evidence so as to:
(1) make those procedures effective for determining the truth;
(2) avoid wasting time; and
(3) protect witnesses from harassment or undue embarrassment.
（a）法院控制；目的。法院应当对询问证人和提出证据的方式和顺序予以合理控制，以做到：
（1）使这些程序能有效地确定真相；
（2）避免浪费时间；以及
（3）保护证人免受骚扰或者不当困窘。
(b) Scope of Cross-Examination. Cross-examination should not go beyond the subject matter of the direct examination and matters affecting the witness’s credibility. The court may allow inquiry into additional matters as if on direct examination.
(c) Leading Questions. Leading questions should not be used on direct examination except as necessary to develop the witness’s testimony. Ordinarily, the court should allow leading questions:
(1) on cross-examination; and
(2) when a party calls a hostile witness, an adverse party, or a witness identified with an adverse party.
（b）交叉询问的范围。交叉询问不应当超越直接询问的主题及影响证人可信性之事项。法院可以允许像在直接询问中那样对额外事项进行查问。
（c）诱导性问题。在直接询问中不应当使用诱导性问题，除非为展开证人证言所必需。在下列情况下，法院通常应当允许提出诱导性问题：
（1）交叉询问时；以及
（2）一方传唤敌意证人、对方当事人或者与对方当事人认同之证人时。
Rule 612 – Writing Used to Refresh a Witness’s Memory
(a) Scope. This rule gives an adverse party certain options when a witness uses a writing to refresh memory:
(1) while testifying; or
(2) before testifying, if the court decides that justice requires the party to have those options.
（a）范围。在下列情况下证人使用书写品来刷新记忆时，本条规则为对方当事人提供了某些选项：
（1）在作证时；或者
（2）在作证前，如果法院确定正义要求当事人有这些选项时。
(b) Adverse Party’s Options; Deleting Unrelated Matter. Unless 18 U.S.C. § 3500 provides otherwise in a criminal case, an adverse party is entitled to have the writing produced at the hearing, to inspect it, to cross-examine the witness about it, and to introduce in evidence any portion that relates to the witness’s testimony. If the producing party claims that the writing includes unrelated matter, the court must examine the writing in camera, delete any unrelated portion, and order that the rest be delivered to the adverse party. Any portion deleted over objection must be preserved for the record.
（b）对方当事人的选项；删除不相关的事项。除非《美国法典》第18编第3500条就刑事案件另有规定，对方当事人有权要求在听证时出示该书写品，有权对该书写品进行检查，有权就该书写品对该证人进行交叉询问，并且有权把其中与证人证言有关的任何部分提出作为证据。如果出示该书写作品的当事人宣称该书写品包含无关事项，则法院必须对该书写品进行秘密审查，删除任何无关部分，并命令把剩余部分交给对方当事人。不顾异议而删除的部分必须留存在卷。
.
4.
2020版 美国联邦法院民事诉讼规则（中英文对照）
5.
THE RULES OF THE U.S. COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
以下是《2021版美国联邦法院证据规则》总目录
Table of Contents 目录
As amended through December 1, 2020
ARTICLE I. GENERAL PROVISIONS 第一章 总则
Rule 101 –Scope; Definitions规则101范围；定义
Rule 102 –Purpose规则102目的
Rule 103 –Rulings on Evidence规则103关于证据的裁定
Rule 104 –Preliminary Questions规则104预备性问题
Rule 105 – Limiting Evidence That Is Not Admissible Against Other Parties or for Other Purposes
规则105 对不能采纳来反对其他当事人或者用于其他目的之证据进行限制
Rule 106 – Remainder of or Related Writings or Recorded Statements
规则106 书写或者录制性陈述
Article II –Judicial Notice第二章
Rule 201. Judicial Notice of Adjudicative Facts 规则201对裁判性事实的司法认知
Article III –Presumptions in Civil Cases 第三章
Rule 301 –Presumptions in Civil Cases Generally规则301民事案件中推定的一般规定
Rule 302 – Applying State Law to Presumptions in Civil Cases
规则302就民事案件中的推定适用州法
Article IV –Relevance and its Limits 第四章
Rule 401 –Test for Relevant Evidence规则401相关证据的标准
Rule 402 –General Admissibility of Relevant Evidence
Rule 403 – Excluding Relevant Evidence for Prejudice, Confusion, Waste of Time, or Other Reasons
规则403因损害、混淆、浪费时间或者其他原因而排除相关证据
Rule 404. Character Evidence; Other Crimes, Wrongs or Acts
品行证据；其他犯罪、错误或行为
Rule 405 –Methods of Proving Character 规则405证明品性的方法
Rule 406 –Habit; Routine Practice规则406习惯；例行做法
Rule 407 –Subsequent Remedial Measures
Rule 408 –Compromise Offers and Negotiations规则408和解提议与谈判
Rule 409 – Offers to Pay Medical and Similar Expenses
规则409提议支付医疗费用与类似费用
Rule 410 – Pleas, Plea Discussions, and Related Statements
规则410答辩、答辩讨论与相关陈述
Rule 411 –Liability Insurance规则411责任保险
Rule 412 – Sex-Offense Cases: The Victim’s Sexual Behavior or Predisposition
规则412性犯罪案件：被害人的性行为或性怪癖
Rule 413 – Similar Crimes in Sexual-Assault Cases
规则413性侵犯案件中的类似犯罪
Rule 414 – Similar Crimes in Child Molestation Cases
规则414儿童性侵扰案件中的类似犯罪
Rule 415 – Similar Acts in Civil Cases Involving Sexual Assault or Child Molestation
规则415涉及性侵犯或者儿童性侵扰的民事案件中的类似行为
Article V –Privileges
Rule 501 –Privilege in General规则501特免权的一般规则
Rule 502 – Attorney-Client Privilege and Work Product; Limitations on Waiver
规则502律师—委托人特免权与工作成果；对弃权的限制
Article VI –Witnesses
Rule 601 –Competency to Testify in General规则601作证能力的一般规定
Rule 602 –Need for Personal Knowledge 规则602 缺乏亲身知识
Rule 603 –Oath or Affirmation to Testify Truthfully 规则603宣誓或者郑重声明将如实作证
Rule 604 –Interpreter规则604译员
Rule 605 –Judge’s Competency as a Witness
Rule 606 –Juror’s Competency as a Witness 规则606陪审员充任证人的能力
Rule 607 –Who May Impeach a Witness
Rule 608 – A Witness’s Character for Truthfulness or Untruthfulness
规则608证人诚实与否的品性
Rule 609 – Impeachment by Evidence of a Criminal Conviction
规则609使用刑事定罪判决证据进行弹劾
Rule 610 –Religious Beliefs or Opinions 规则610宗教信仰或者意见
Rule 611 – Mode and Order of Examining Witnesses and Presenting Evidence
规则611询问证人和提出证据的方式和顺序
Rule 612 – Writing Used to Refresh a Witness’s Memory
规则612用于刷新记忆的书写品
Rule 613 –Witness’s Prior Statement
Rule 614 –Court’s Calling or Examining a Witness
Rule 615 –Excluding Witnesses
Article VII –Opinions and Expert Testimony 第七章 意见与专家证言
Rule 701 –Opinion Testimony by Lay Witnesses规则701 外行证人的意见证言
Rule 702 –Testimony by Expert Witnesses 规则702专家证人证言
Rule 703 –Bases of an Expert’s Opinion Testimony
Rule 704 –Opinion on an Ultimate Issue规则704关于最终争点的意见
Rule 705 – Disclosing the Facts or Data Underlying an Expert’s Opinion
规则705专家意见所依据的事实或者数据的披露
Rule 706 –Court-Appointed Expert Witnesses
Article VIII –Hearsay 第八章传闻
Rule 801- Definitions That Apply to This Article; Exclusions from Hearsay
规则801适用于本章的定义；传闻排除
Rule 802 –The Rule Against Hearsay 规则802反对传闻规则
Rule 803. Exceptions to the Rule Against Hearsay—Regardless of Whether the Declarant Is Available as a Witness
规则803.对传闻规则的例外情况-
Rule 804. Exceptions to the Rule Against Hearsay—When the Declarant Is Unavailable as a Witness
规则803.对传闻规则的例外情况-
Rule 805 –Hearsay Within Hearsay
Rule 806 – Attacking and Supporting the Declarant’s Credibility
Rule 807. Residual Exception
Article IX –Authentication and Identification 第九章 验真与辨认
Rule 901 –Authenticating or Identifying Evidence 规则901证据验真与辨认
Rule 902 –Evidence That Is Self-Authenticating 规则902自我验真的证据
Rule 903 –Subscribing Witness’s Testimony
Article X – Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs
第十章书写品、录制品和摄影的内容
Rule 1001 –Definitions That Apply to This Article
Rule 1002 –Requirement of the Original
Rule 1003 –Admissibility of Duplicates规则1003副本的可采性
Rule 1004 – Admissibility of Other Evidence of Content
规则1004 关于内容的其他证据的可采性
Rule 1005 – Copies of Public Records to Prove Content
规则1005用于证明内容的公共记录的复制件
Rule 1006 –Summaries to Prove Content
Rule 1007 – Testimony or Statement of a Party to Prove Content
规则1007用于证明内容的当事人证言或者自认
Rule 1008 –Functions of the Court and Jury 规则1008 法院与陪审团的功能
Article XI –Miscellaneous Rules 第十一章 其他规则
Rule 1101 –Applicability of the Rules规则1101本证据规则的适用
Rule 1102 –Amendments规则1102修正
Rule 1103 –Title规则1103名称
部分章节如下：
ARTICLE VI. WITNESSES
Rule 601 –Competency to Testify in General
Every person is competent to be a witness unless these rules provide otherwise. But in a civil case, state law governs the witness’s competency regarding a claim or defense for which state law supplies the rule of decision.
每个人都有作为证人的能力，除非本证据规则另有规定。但是在民事案件中，如果州法就起诉或者辩护规定了适用的裁决规则，则证人的能力由州法调整。
Rule 602 –Need for Personal Knowledge
A witness may testify to a matter only if evidence is introduced sufficient to support a finding that the witness has personal knowledge of the matter. Evidence to prove personal knowledge may consist of the witness’s own testimony. This rule does not apply to a witness’s expert testimony under Rule 703.
只有在提出的证据足以支持认定证人就某事项具有亲身知识的情况下，证人才可以就该事项作证。证明亲身知识的证据可以包括证人自己的证言。本条规则并不适用于专家证人根据规则703所作出的证言。
Rule 603 – Oath or Affirmation to Testify Truthfully
规则603
Before testifying, a witness must give an oath or affirmation to testify truthfully. It must be in a form designed to impress that duty on the witness’s conscience.
在作证前，证人必须宣誓或者郑重声明将如实作证。该宣誓或者郑重声明必须以某种旨在以该职责触动证人良知的方式进行。
Rule 604 –Interpreter
An interpreter must be qualified and must give an oath or affirmation to make a true translation.
译员必须具有资格，并宣誓或者郑重声明将如实翻译。
Rule 605 –Judge’s Competency as a Witness
The presiding judge may not testify as a witness at the trial. A party need not object to preserve the issue.
主持审判的法官不得在该审判中作为证人作证。当事人无需提出异议来留存此问题。
Rule 606 –Juror’s Competency as a Witness
(a) At the Trial. A juror may not testify as a witness before the other jurors at the trial. If a juror is called to testify, the court must give a party an opportunity to object outside the jury’s presence.
(b) During an Inquiry into the Validity of a Verdict or Indictment.
（a）审判时。在审判时，陪审员不得在其他陪审员面前作为证人作证。如果陪审员被传唤作证，法院必须给予当事人在陪审团不在场的情况下提出异议的机会。
（b）调查陪审团裁决或者起诉书有效期间。
(1) Prohibited Testimony or Other Evidence. During an inquiry into the validity of a verdict or indictment, a juror may not testify about any statement made or incident that occurred during the jury’s deliberations; the effect of anything on that juror’s or another juror’s vote; or any juror’s mental processes concerning the verdict or indictment. The court may not receive a juror’s affidavit or evidence of a juror’s statement on these matters.
（1）禁止的证言或者其他证据。在调查陪审团裁决或者起诉书的有效性期间，陪审员不得就陪审团评议期间作出的任何陈述或者发生的任何事件作证，或者就影响该陪审员或者其他陪审员的投票的任何事情作证，或者就该陪审员与裁决或者起诉书有关的思想过程作证。就这些事项，法院不得接受陪审员的宣誓书或者关于陪审员的陈述的证据。
(2) Exceptions. A juror may testify about whether:
(A) extraneous prejudicial information was improperly brought to the jury’s attention;
(B) an outside influence was improperly brought to bear on any juror; or
(C) a mistake was made in entering the verdict on the verdict form.
（2）例外。陪审员可以就下列事项作证。
（A）是否有无关的有害信息不当地引起了陪审团的注意；
（B）是否有外部影响不当地影响了任何陪审员；或者
（C）在将裁决制成裁决书时，是否存在错误。
Rule 607 –Who May Impeach a Witness
Any party, including the party that called the witness, may attack the witness’s credibility.
任何当事人，包括传唤证人的当事人，都可以攻击证人的可信性。
Rule 608 – A Witness’s Character for Truthfulness or Untruthfulness
规则608 证人诚实与否的品性
(a) Reputation or Opinion Evidence. A witness’s credibility may be attacked or supported by testimony about the witness’s reputation for having a character for truthfulness or untruthfulness, or by testimony in the form of an opinion about that character. But evidence of truthful character is admissible only after the witness’s character for truthfulness has been attacked.
（a）声望或者意见证据。可以用关于证人诚实与否至品性的声望证言或者关于该品性的意见形式的证言，来攻击和支持证人可信性，但是，只有在证人诚实品性受到攻击后，关于诚实品性的证据才具可采性。
(b) Specific Instances of Conduct. Except for a criminal conviction under Rule 609, extrinsic evidence is not admissible to prove specific instances of a witness’s conduct in order to attack or support the witness’s character for truthfulness. But the court may, on cross-examination, allow them to be inquired into if they are probative of the character for truthfulness or untruthfulness of:
（b）行为具体实例。除规则609规定的犯罪定罪判决外，外部证据不可采来证明证人的行为具体实例，以攻击或者支持证人的诚实品性。但是，在交叉询问中，如果行为具体实例对于下列人员诚实与否的品性具有证明作用，法院可以允许对它们进行调查：
(1) the witness; or
(2) another witness whose character the witness being cross-examined has testified about.
By testifying on another matter, a witness does not waive any privilege against self-incrimination for testimony that relates only to the witness’s character for truthfulness.
（1）证人；或者
（2）正在接受交叉询问的证人曾就其品性作证的另一证人。
当就其他事项作证时，如果证言仅与证人诚实性品性有关，证人并没有放弃反对自我归罪的特免权。
Rule 609 – Impeachment by Evidence of a Criminal Conviction
规则609 使用刑事定罪判决证据进行弹劾
(a) In General. The following rules apply to attacking a witness’s character for truthfulness by evidence of a criminal conviction:
(1) for a crime that, in the convicting jurisdiction, was punishable by death or by imprisonment for more than one year, the evidence:
（a）总则。以下规则适用于使用刑事定罪判决证据攻击证人的诚实品性：
（1）对于在作出判决的司法辖区，应判处死刑或者1年以上监禁的犯罪而言；
(A) must be admitted, subject to Rule 403, in a civil case or in a criminal case in which the witness is not a defendant; and
(B) must be admitted in a criminal case in which the witness is a defendant, if the probative value of the evidence outweighs its prejudicial effect to that defendant; and
（A）在民事案件或者证人不是被告的刑事案件中，在遵守规则403的前提下，必须采纳该证据；以及
（B）在证人是被告的刑事案件中，在该证据的证明价值超过其对被告的损害效果的情况下，必须采纳该证据；以及
(2) for any crime regardless of the punishment, the evidence must be admitted if the court can readily determine that establishing the elements of the crime required proving — or the witness’s admitting — a dishonest act or false statement.
（2）对于任何犯罪，无论其刑罚如何，如果法院可以轻易确定，证明该犯罪要件需要证明或者证人承认不诚实行为或者虚假陈述，则必须采纳该证据。
(b) Limit on Using the Evidence After 10 Years. This subdivision (b) applies if more than 10 years have passed since the witness’s conviction or release from confinement for it, whichever is later. Evidence of the conviction is admissible only if:
（b）10年后使用证据的限制。如果自证人被定罪之日或者证人从该定罪判决判定的监禁中被释放之日起算，无论哪个日期，以迟者为准，已逾10年，则适用（b）款。只有在下列情况下，定罪判决证据才可采：
(1) its probative value, supported by specific facts and circumstances, substantially outweighs its prejudicial effect; and
(2) the proponent gives an adverse party reasonable written notice of the intent to use it so that the party has a fair opportunity to contest its use.
（1）由具体事实和情况支持的定罪判决之证明价值严重超过了其损害结果；并且
（2）证据提出者就使用该证据的意图对对方当事人进行了合理的书面通知，为对方提供了就该证据的使用进行反驳的公平机会。
(c) Effect of a Pardon, Annulment, or Certificate of Rehabilitation. Evidence of a conviction is not admissible if:
(1) the conviction has been the subject of a pardon, annulment, certificate of rehabilitation, or other equivalent procedure based on a finding that the person has been rehabilitated, and the person has not been convicted of a later crime punishable by death or by imprisonment for more than one year; or
(2) the conviction has been the subject of a pardon, annulment, or other equivalent procedure based on a finding of innocence.
（c）赦免、撤销或者改过自新证明书的效力。在下列情况下，定罪证据不可采：
（1）根据对被定罪或者改过自新的认定，对该定罪已经赦免、撤销或者已经发给改过自新证明书，或者已经适用其他相当程序，并且此后该人未被判定犯有可以判处死刑或者1年以上徒刑的罪行；或者
（2）根据无罪认定，对该定罪已经适用赦免、撤销或者适用其他相当程序。
(d) Juvenile Adjudications. Evidence of a juvenile adjudication is admissible under this rule only if:
（d）未成年人判决。只有在下列情况下，关于未成年人判决的证据根据本条证据规则才具有可采性：
(1) it is offered in a criminal case;
(2) the adjudication was of a witness other than the defendant;
(3) an adult’s conviction for that offense would be admissible to attack the adult’s credibility; and
(4) admitting the evidence is necessary to fairly determine guilt or innocence.
(e) Pendency of an Appeal. A conviction that satisfies this rule is admissible even if an appeal is pending. Evidence of the pendency is also admissible.
（1）该证据是在刑事案件中提出的；
（2）该判决是对被告之外的证人的判决；
（3）关于该罪行的成年人定罪判决证据可采纳用以攻击成年人的可信性；并且
（4）采纳该证据为公平确定有罪或者无罪所必需。
（e）上诉未决。符合本条规则的定罪判决具有可采性，即使上诉未决。关于上诉未决的证据，也具有可采性。
Rule 610 –Religious Beliefs or Opinions
Evidence of a witness’s religious beliefs or opinions is not admissible to attack or support the witness’s credibility.
关于证人的宗教信仰或意见的证据，不可采纳来攻击或者支持证人的可信性。
Rule 611 – Mode and Order of Examining Witnesses and Presenting Evidence
规则611 询问证人和提出证据的方式和顺序
(a) Control by the Court; Purposes. The court should exercise reasonable control over the mode and order of examining witnesses and presenting evidence so as to:
(1) make those procedures effective for determining the truth;
(2) avoid wasting time; and
(3) protect witnesses from harassment or undue embarrassment.
（a）法院控制；目的。法院应当对询问证人和提出证据的方式和顺序予以合理控制，以做到：
（1）使这些程序能有效地确定真相；
（2）避免浪费时间；以及
（3）保护证人免受骚扰或者不当困窘。
(b) Scope of Cross-Examination. Cross-examination should not go beyond the subject matter of the direct examination and matters affecting the witness’s credibility. The court may allow inquiry into additional matters as if on direct examination.
(c) Leading Questions. Leading questions should not be used on direct examination except as necessary to develop the witness’s testimony. Ordinarily, the court should allow leading questions:
(1) on cross-examination; and
(2) when a party calls a hostile witness, an adverse party, or a witness identified with an adverse party.
（b）交叉询问的范围。交叉询问不应当超越直接询问的主题及影响证人可信性之事项。法院可以允许像在直接询问中那样对额外事项进行查问。
（c）诱导性问题。在直接询问中不应当使用诱导性问题，除非为展开证人证言所必需。在下列情况下，法院通常应当允许提出诱导性问题：
（1）交叉询问时；以及
（2）一方传唤敌意证人、对方当事人或者与对方当事人认同之证人时。
Rule 612 – Writing Used to Refresh a Witness’s Memory
(a) Scope. This rule gives an adverse party certain options when a witness uses a writing to refresh memory:
(1) while testifying; or
(2) before testifying, if the court decides that justice requires the party to have those options.
（a）范围。在下列情况下证人使用书写品来刷新记忆时，本条规则为对方当事人提供了某些选项：
（1）在作证时；或者
（2）在作证前，如果法院确定正义要求当事人有这些选项时。
(b) Adverse Party’s Options; Deleting Unrelated Matter. Unless 18 U.S.C. § 3500 provides otherwise in a criminal case, an adverse party is entitled to have the writing produced at the hearing, to inspect it, to cross-examine the witness about it, and to introduce in evidence any portion that relates to the witness’s testimony. If the producing party claims that the writing includes unrelated matter, the court must examine the writing in camera, delete any unrelated portion, and order that the rest be delivered to the adverse party. Any portion deleted over objection must be preserved for the record.
（b）对方当事人的选项；删除不相关的事项。除非《美国法典》第18编第3500条就刑事案件另有规定，对方当事人有权要求在听证时出示该书写品，有权对该书写品进行检查，有权就该书写品对该证人进行交叉询问，并且有权把其中与证人证言有关的任何部分提出作为证据。如果出示该书写作品的当事人宣称该书写品包含无关事项，则法院必须对该书写品进行秘密审查，删除任何无关部分，并命令把剩余部分交给对方当事人。不顾异议而删除的部分必须留存在卷。