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刘长卿《送灵澈》课堂反思

2013-10-14 16:19阅读:
这次课翻译的是刘长卿的《送灵澈》:
苍苍竹林寺,杳杳钟声晚。
荷笠带斜阳,青山独归远。
我的版本是:

Green and dark is the monostery with bamboo forest<此处应该用grove,意为小树林>
Quietly and rhythmically the bell tolls late(这里有增词的意味,不妥)
Wearing a hat I go back to the green mountain, with the sun setting
lonely and far is my way(这两句长短不一,不够简洁(terse),有些复杂(involved),缺乏韵律(rhythm))

老师的版本是:

Dim,dim,the temple in the bamboo,
Clear,clear,the sound of an eve toll.(我觉得此处应该改成bell,因为toll已经有“钟声”的意思了,前边再加上sound,就重复了)
His cape against the slanting sun,
Far, far away the green hills roll.(roll用得好,形容山起伏跌宕)
全诗运
用了叠词(duplication),动态意味较浓。而且第三句用了独立主格结构(the nominal absolute structure)于是查了下独立主格的相关语法知识:
一.基本构成形式:

名词(代词)+现在分词(过去分词;形容词;副词;不定式;名词;介词短语) 

1. 名词(代词)+现在分词
Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance
黑夜笼罩大地,谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。

2. 名词(代词)+过去分词
The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.
由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,他们工作得更起劲了。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。

3. 名词(代词)+不定式
在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式;如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式。
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.
我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一。
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
种上许多的树、花和草后,我们新建的学校看上去将更美。

4. 名词(代词)+形容词
The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse
特洛伊人睡着了,于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。
Computers very small, we can use them widely.
电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。

5. 名词(代词)+副词
The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.
散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。
The lights off, we could not go on with the work.
灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了。

6. 名词(代词)+名词
His first shot failurehe fired again
他第一枪没击中,又打了一枪。
Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.
两百人死于事故,其中有许多儿童。

7. 名词(代词) +介词短语
He lay at full length upon his stomachhis head resting upon his left forearm
他的脊背朝天,四肢伸展,头枕着左臂,直挺挺地趴伏着。
Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the old housea vast load of firewood on her back
每天下午,一个背着一大背柴禾的老妇人都会从那间破旧的房屋前蹒跚着走过。
二.with,without引导的独立主格结构

with ( without)+宾语(名词/代词)+宾语补足语,宾语通常由名词或代词充当,但代词一定要用宾格。上文的独立主格结构的几种情况都适用于此结构。
The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
小女孩把盒子藏了起来,没有人知道它在哪里。(without +名词/代词+动词的-ing形式)
Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.
她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。(without+名词/代词+动词的-ed形式)
The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.
有这么多的名胜可参观,小孩很激动。(with+名词/代词+动词不定式)
The boy was walking, with his father ahead.
父亲在前,小孩在后走着。(with+名词/代词+副词)
He stood at the door, computer in hand.
他站在门口,手里拿着一部电脑。(with+名词/代词+介词短语)
With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.
由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。(with+名词/代词+形容词)
with (without) 的复合结构中,多数情况下with 能省略,但without 不能省略。
三.独立主格结构的句法功能

独立主格结构在句中一般作状语,表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等,还可以作定语。

1. 作时间状语
My shoes removedI entered a low-ceilinged roomtreading cautiously on the soft tatami matting
我脱掉鞋子后,走进一间屋顶很低的房间,小心翼翼地踩在柔软的塌塌米垫子上。
The governor pondering the mattermore strikers gathered across his path
总督思考问题时,更多的罢工工人聚集在他要通过的路上。

2. 作条件状语
Weather permittingthey will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow
如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨郊游。
Such being the caseyou have no grounds for dismissing him
如果情况如此的话,你没有理由解聘他。

3. 作原因状语
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.
由那个男孩带路,我们很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。
There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.
没有别的事可讨论,我们都回家了。

4. 作伴随状语或补充说明
I took my ticketand marched proudly up the platformwith my cheesesthe people falling back respectfully on either side
我拿着车票还有我的奶酪,雄赳赳气昂昂地跨步走向月台。人们似乎很尊敬我,纷纷向两边退去。
Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.
十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛,年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。

5. 作定语,独立主格结构作定语其功能相当于一个定语从句。
He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled.
他就是有许多问题要解决的那个人。
He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides.
他走在一条两边没有路灯的马路上。
Close to the bank I saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky.
靠近岸时,我看见几个深池塘,池水碧似蓝天。
另外这节课还学习了无屈折变化的句子(sentence without inflection)
比如:God damn it!
Long live the friendship!(出于强烈的感情没有进行动词的变形)
总的来说,今后应该熟读理解古诗词,好好学习语法,灵活运用词汇。



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