美国小学常用的12种阅读(理解)策略
2016-01-26 10:44阅读:
http://www.mrsjudyaraujo.com/reasons-for-using-strategies/
12 Comprehension Strategies
Keep scrolling to learn about the WHY, WHEN, HOW of:
Monitor/Clarify,
Predict,
Make
Connections,
Infer,
Ask Questions,
Summarize,
Subtext,
Visualize,
Retell
,
Synthesize,
Nonfiction
Text Features
The following is a compilation from numerous sources written by
Mrs. Araujo.
CHECK OUT BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER READING
STRATEGIES AT:
http://www.readingrockets.org/strategies#comprehension
GET FREE STRATEGY LESSONS ONLINE AT:
WWW.READWORKS.ORG
Check out: Comprehension
Goals!
Also check out:
Like To Read!
Monitor/Clarify
Why do we
Monitor/Clarify?
- To make sense of our reading
When do we
Monitor/Clarify?
- When the reading no longer makes sense
- When we are stuck on a word’s meaning
How do we
Monitor/Clarify?
- Reread all around the word or area in question. Make
substitutions, use picture clues
- Use your schema
- Study the structure
- Predict, infer, make connections, ask questions, summarize
Predict
Why do we
Predict?
- Gets our mind ready to read
- Gives us a purpose to read
When do we
Predict?
- Before and during reading
How do we
Predict?
- Think about title, look at cover and pictures
- Think about the text structure
- Use what you know
- Ask questions ~ I wonder. . ., Who is. . ., Why
is. . . .
- Change your predictions as you read
- Can be proven or not
Make Connections
Why do we Make
Connections?
- Reading is thinking! Good readers make connections that
are text to self, text to text, and text to world
- To better predict and understand
text because of what you already know ~ how the characters
feel, what may happen based on another text. . . .
- T-S means more to me because it reminds me of my own life.
Everyone has different schema and different experiences
which can be shared to help us understand more
When do we Make
Connections?
- Before, during, and after reading
- Make connections when you’re figuring out unknown words!
- When we are reminded of a similar event
- T-S : That reminds me of . . .
I remember when . . . I have a connection . . . An
experience I have had like that . . . I felt like that
character when . . . If I were that character I would . . .
.
- T-T:
Content ~ I’ve read another book on this topic
Genre~ this is a “mystery” (etc.) like. . .
Author ~ this author always. . .
Illustrator ~ I recognize these pictures by. . .
Setting ~ ___________ took place at this location
Characters ~ she/he reminds me of. . .
Illustrations ~ remind me of . . .
Plot ~ this story is like. . .
Structure ~ this story has a literary device (like a flashback)
like. . .
Theme ~ this book had the same lesson as . . .
Language ~ the writer’s language reminds me of. . .
Tone ~ this book has the same feel as. . .
- T-W on nonfiction ~ open your mental files and make
connections between what you know and the new information
How do we Make
Connections?
- Chart connections. What connections helped to
understand the story, which didn’t?
- Venn diagrams
- Connect to the theme or main idea of the text
- Start with “It helps me understand . . .” (Character
feelings, setting, events)
- Activate prior knowledge before, during, and after reading
- On nonfiction (T-W) make a KWL chart. Do T-W with
newspaper articles, too!
- Use a double entry journal ~ one side is for key event, idea,
word, quote, or content. The other is for connections.
- Always ask yourself “How does this connection help me
understand the text?”
Infer
Why do we
Infer?
- Authors describe: characters’ feelings, events,
setting. . . we have to infer to understand
- To draw conclusions, make predictions, and reflect on our
reading
- To determine the meanings of unknown words
When do we Infer?
- Before, during, and after reading
- In life, we infer with our 5 senses ~ What is making that
noise? What is cooking? How is that person feeling?
What is this sharp object? What does a cake with
candles on it mean?
- When the author doesn’t answer my questions, I must infer by
saying: Maybe. . ., I think. . ., It could be. . ., It’s
because. . ., Perhaps. . ., It means that. . ., I’m guessing. .
.
How do we
Infer?
- Look at the picture
- Think about the characters’ behavior
- Ask questions as you read. Some of our questions are
answered in the text, others are not and must be inferred.
- We use our prior knowledge + text clues to draw
conclusions
What do we
Infer?
- Meaning of unfamiliar words
- Setting
- Explanation for events
- What the character is feeling
- What pronouns refer to
- Author’s message
- Answers to our questions when they are not directly stated
Fun Inferring Practice! Read these sentences, and
have a discussion about the character and setting. Next,
draw conclusions, and make predictions!
- Sue blew out the candles and got presents.
- Mary plays her flute for two hours every
day.
- The boat drifted in the middle of the lake.
- John ran into the street without looking.
- Meg was the star pitcher, but she had a broken
finger.
- We bought tickets and some popcorn.
- I forgot to set my alarm clock last night.
- When I woke up, there were branches and leaves all over the
yard.
- Yesterday we cleaned out our desks and took everything
home.
- Everyone stopped when the referee blew the
whistle.
Ask Questions
Why do we Ask
Questions?
- To clarify, wonder, determine author’s style or intent, to
better understand, when the reading gets confusing, to
monitor our reading, to synthesize new information, and to
determine importance
- To stay actively involved in the reading
- To read with a purpose
- To deepen comprehension (Thick vs. Thin Questions)
When do we Ask
Questions?
- Before, during, and after reading ~ just look at the cover and
title and begin asking!
- When you use the strategies: Is my prediction good or
do I need to change it? What am I visualizing? Do I
need to change my mental image? What’s happened so far?
Does this remind me of anything?
- If we don’t have the background knowledge we need to ask more
questions.
- Hearing other people’s questions inspires more of our own
questions.
- As you read, does it make sense?
- Just go outside ~ what questions do you have about nature?
What questions do you have about a painting or
illustration?
- To coincide with the Reading CAFE, ask yourself who/what each
paragraph was about as a way to monitor your reading.
Reread if you cannot answer who/what.
How do we Ask
Questions?