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,Synthesize, Nonfiction Text Features
The following is a compilation from numerous sources written by Mrs. Araujo.
CHECK OUT BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER READING STRATEGIES AT:
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Check out: Comprehension Goals!
Also check out: Like To Read!


Monitor/Clarify
Why do we Monitor/Clarify?
  • To make sense of our reading
When do we Monitor/Clarify?
  • When the reading no longer makes sense
  • When we are stuck on a word’s meaning
How do we Monitor/Clarify?
  • Reread all around the word or area in question. Make substitutions, use picture clues
  • Use your schema
  • Study the structure
  • Predict, infer, make connections, ask questions, summarize

Predict
Why do we Predict?
  • Gets our mind ready to read
  • Gives us a purpose to read
When do we Predict?
  • Before and during reading
How do we Predict?
  • Think about title, look at cover and pictures
  • Think about the text structure
  • Use what you know
  • Ask questions ~ I wonder. . ., Who is. . ., Why is. . . .
  • Change your predictions as you read
  • Can be proven or not

Make Connections
Why do we Make Connections?
  • Reading is thinking! Good readers make connections that are text to self, text to text, and text to world
  • To better predict and understand text because of what you already know ~ how the characters feel, what may happen based on another text. . . .
  • T-S means more to me because it reminds me of my own life. Everyone has different schema and different experiences which can be shared to help us understand more
When do we Make Connections?
  • Before, during, and after reading
  • Make connections when you’re figuring out unknown words!
  • When we are reminded of a similar event
  • T-S : That reminds me of . . . I remember when . . . I have a connection . . . An experience I have had like that . . . I felt like that character when . . . If I were that character I would . . . .
  • T-T:
Content ~ I’ve read another book on this topic
Genre~ this is a “mystery” (etc.) like. . .
Author ~ this author always. . .
Illustrator ~ I recognize these pictures by. . .
Setting ~ ___________ took place at this location
Characters ~ she/he reminds me of. . .
Illustrations ~ remind me of . . .
Plot ~ this story is like. . .
Structure ~ this story has a literary device (like a flashback) like. . .
Theme ~ this book had the same lesson as . . .
Language ~ the writer’s language reminds me of. . .
Tone ~ this book has the same feel as. . .
  • T-W on nonfiction ~ open your mental files and make connections between what you know and the new information
How do we Make Connections?
  • Chart connections. What connections helped to understand the story, which didn’t?
  • Venn diagrams
  • Connect to the theme or main idea of the text
  • Start with “It helps me understand . . .” (Character feelings, setting, events)
  • Activate prior knowledge before, during, and after reading
  • On nonfiction (T-W) make a KWL chart. Do T-W with newspaper articles, too!
  • Use a double entry journal ~ one side is for key event, idea, word, quote, or content. The other is for connections.
  • Always ask yourself “How does this connection help me understand the text?”

Infer
Why do we Infer?
  • Authors describe: characters’ feelings, events, setting. . . we have to infer to understand
  • To draw conclusions, make predictions, and reflect on our reading
  • To determine the meanings of unknown words
When do we Infer?
  • Before, during, and after reading
  • In life, we infer with our 5 senses ~ What is making that noise? What is cooking? How is that person feeling? What is this sharp object? What does a cake with candles on it mean?
  • When the author doesn’t answer my questions, I must infer by saying: Maybe. . ., I think. . ., It could be. . ., It’s because. . ., Perhaps. . ., It means that. . ., I’m guessing. . .
How do we Infer?
  • Look at the picture
  • Think about the characters’ behavior
  • Ask questions as you read. Some of our questions are answered in the text, others are not and must be inferred.
  • We use our prior knowledge + text clues to draw conclusions
What do we Infer?
  • Meaning of unfamiliar words
  • Setting
  • Explanation for events
  • What the character is feeling
  • What pronouns refer to
  • Author’s message
  • Answers to our questions when they are not directly stated
Fun Inferring Practice! Read these sentences, and have a discussion about the character and setting. Next, draw conclusions, and make predictions!
  • Sue blew out the candles and got presents.
  • Mary plays her flute for two hours every day.
  • The boat drifted in the middle of the lake.
  • John ran into the street without looking.
  • Meg was the star pitcher, but she had a broken finger.
  • We bought tickets and some popcorn.
  • I forgot to set my alarm clock last night.
  • When I woke up, there were branches and leaves all over the yard.
  • Yesterday we cleaned out our desks and took everything home.
  • Everyone stopped when the referee blew the whistle.

Ask Questions
Why do we Ask Questions?
  • To clarify, wonder, determine author’s style or intent, to better understand, when the reading gets confusing, to monitor our reading, to synthesize new information, and to determine importance
  • To stay actively involved in the reading
  • To read with a purpose
  • To deepen comprehension (Thick vs. Thin Questions)
When do we Ask Questions?
  • Before, during, and after reading ~ just look at the cover and title and begin asking!
  • When you use the strategies: Is my prediction good or do I need to change it? What am I visualizing? Do I need to change my mental image? What’s happened so far? Does this remind me of anything?
  • If we don’t have the background knowledge we need to ask more questions.
  • Hearing other people’s questions inspires more of our own questions.
  • As you read, does it make sense?
  • Just go outside ~ what questions do you have about nature? What questions do you have about a painting or illustration?
  • To coincide with the Reading CAFE, ask yourself who/what each paragraph was about as a way to monitor your reading. Reread if you cannot answer who/what.
How do we Ask Questions?

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